Yum is more convenient than rpm. The biggest advantage of the yum tool is that it can download the required RPM packages online and install them automatically. If the RPM packages to be installed depend on each other, the yum tool will help us install all the relevant RPM packages in turn
List all available rpm installation packages
[root@evan-01 ~]# yum list ...(A lot of content is omitted. zenity.x86_64 3.28.1-1.el7 base zlib.i686 1.2.7-18.el7 base zlib.x86_64 1.2.7-18.el7 base zlib-devel.i686 1.2.7-18.el7 base zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.7-18.el7 base zlib-static.i686 1.2.7-18.el7 base zlib-static.x86_64 1.2.7-18.el7 base zsh.x86_64 5.0.2-31.el7 base zsh-html.x86_64 5.0.2-31.el7 base zziplib.i686 0.13.62-9.el7 base zziplib.x86_64 0.13.62-9.el7 base zziplib-devel.i686 0.13.62-9.el7 base zziplib-devel.x86_64 0.13.62-9.el7 base zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-9.el7 base [root@evan-01 ~]#
Take this as an example and say what it means.
zziplib-utils.x86_64 0.13.62-9.el7 base
| rpm package name | Version information | Installation information |
|---|---|---|
| zziplib-utils.x86_64 | 0.13.62.9.el7 | base |
If not installed, display base or anaconda; if rpm packages are installed but need to be upgraded, display updates
View the repository in the yum configuration file
[root@evan-01 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo [root@evan-01 ~]#
[root@evan-01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo # CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [root@evan-01 ~]#
Search for rpm packages
[root@evan-01 ~]# yum search vim Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com ========================================================= N/S matched: vim ========================================================= protobuf-vim.x86_64 : Vim syntax highlighting for Google Protocol Buffers descriptions vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements vim-filesystem.x86_64 : VIM filesystem layout vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything. [root@evan-01 ~]#
These vim-related packages can be found, and this method is not accurate enough.
We can use grep to filter and find the corresponding rpm package
[root@evan-01 ~]# yum list | grep 'vim' Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 @updates vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 @updates vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 @updates vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.160-2.el7 @anaconda protobuf-vim.x86_64 2.5.0-8.el7 base vim-X11.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 updates vim-minimal.x86_64 [root@evan-01 ~]#
Install rpm packages
In the whole process, it lists the rpm packages that need to be installed first, and if there are dependencies, it lists all the dependent packages. Then ask the user if they need to install, enter y to install, and enter n to not install. That would be too cumbersome, so add the - y option directly, which omits the step of asking the user whether to install it or not.
[root@evan-01 ~]# yum install -y protobuf-vim Loaded plugins: fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================================================== Installing: protobuf-vim x86_64 2.5.0-8.el7 base 8.7 k Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 8.7 k Installed size: 3.7 k Downloading packages: protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.7 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7 Complete! [root@evan-01 ~]#
Unloading rpm package
Like installation, Uninstall can add the - y option directly, thus omitting the step of interaction with the user. When uninstalling a rpm package, it must be clear that not even other important RPM packages are uninstalled, so as not to affect normal business, so when using yum remove command to uninstall the package, it is not necessary to add the - y option.
[root@evan-01 ~]# yum remove protobuf-vim Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================================================== Removing: protobuf-vim x86_64 2.5.0-8.el7 @base 3.7 k Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================================================== Remove 1 Package Installed size: 3.7 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Erasing : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64 1/1 Removed: protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7 Complete! [root@evan-01 ~]#
Upgrade rpm package
If no package name is added, all rpm packages in the system will be upgraded
[root@evan-01 ~]# yum update bash Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-28.el7 will be updated ---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-31.el7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================================================== Updating: bash x86_64 4.2.46-31.el7 base 1.0 M Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================================================== Upgrade 1 Package Total download size: 1.0 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:12 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64 2/2 Updated: bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-31.el7 Complete! [root@evan-01 ~]#
Which package does the search order have?
For example, if you want to install VIM packages, but you don't know the name of vim packages in yum, then we can use the command Yum provides'/*/vim'to search for them.
[root@evan-01 ~]# yum provides '/*/vim' Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.1 MB 00:00:45 extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 249 kB 00:00:00 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/a162eee98ea1692e6a955abb497dc7a487cd7bb9408bd170165949f9776d32fe-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/a162eee98ea1692e6a955abb497dc7a487cd7bb9408bd170165949f9776d32fe-filelists.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds') Trying other mirror. updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 5.2 MB 00:00:52 cmake-2.8.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 : Cross-platform make system Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/cmake/editors/vim git-1.8.3.1-19.el7.x86_64 : Fast Version Control System Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1/contrib/vim git-1.8.3.1-20.el7.x86_64 : Fast Version Control System Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1/contrib/vim 2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/vim 2:vim-common-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /usr/share/vim 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements Repo : base Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/vim 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements Repo : updates Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/vim 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements Repo : @updates Matched from: Filename : /usr/bin/vim [root@evan-01 ~]#