premise
The host configuration is as follows:
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The computer is a notebook
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Processor intel i5-6300 HQ 2.30GHz * 4
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Memory 16G
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Hard Disk 500G Solid State
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System Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS 64-bit
inspect
Check if the CPU supports virtualization
$ grep -Eoc '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo # Output greater than 0 8
Output greater than 0 indicates support for virtualization
Check whether the motherboard turns on Virtualization
$ sudo apt update && sudo apt install cpu-checker -y $ kvm-ok # The following output results are available INFO: /dev/kvm exists KVM acceleration can be used
Install KVM Suite
Install related packages
sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virtinst virt-manager -y
qemu-kvm: Provides hardware underlying virtualization.
libvirt-daemon-system: Runs libvirt as a daemon for system services.
libvirt-clients: Provides long-term stable C API s for different virtual machines
bridge-utils: Provides network bridging capabilities
virtinst: Provides a series of command line work for creating a virtual machine for libvirt
virt-manager: KVM Virtual Machine Management GUI, if the server does not have GUI installed, it is not necessary to install it.
Check libvirtd
$ sudo systemctl is-active libvirtd # Output the following results to indicate availability active
Add current user to libvirt and kvm user groups
USER is the current user
sudo usermod -aG libvirt USER sudo usermod -aG kvm USER
Configure Bridge
- sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf
The contents are as follows:
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables=0
- sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/99-bridge.rules
The contents are as follows:
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="module", KERNEL=="br_netfilter", \ RUN+="/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf"
- ip link
After KVM is installed, there will be interfaces created by default and need to be deleted
View Interface
$ ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether d4:be:d9:f3:1e:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1d:5b:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1d:5b:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
Delete Default Port
$ sudo virsh net-destroy default $ sudo virsh net-undefine default
View again
$ ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether d4:be:d9:f3:1e:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
If so, you need to delete it manually
$ ip link delete virbr0 type brigde $ ip link delete virbr0-nic
- sudo vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
The contents are as follows:
network:
ethernets:
eno1:
dhcp4: false
dhcp6: false
bridges:
br0:
interfaces: [ eno1 ]
addresses: [192.168.0.100/24]
gateway4: 192.168.0.1
mtu: 1500
nameservers:
addresses: [8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]
parameters:
stp: true
forward-delay: 4
dhcp4: no
dhcp6: no
version: 2
Be careful to replace by yourself:
eno1: cannot use a wireless network card because it is the name of the network card of the notebook wired network card
addresses: the ip inside is the real ip address and mask in the LAN
gateway4: Gateway is a gateway in a local area network
- sudo netplan apply
Once executed, the br0 bridge will be created successfully
$ ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether c8:d3:ff:dd:74:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp9s0
3: wlo1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether c8:21:58:17:5a:bb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname wlp8s0
4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether c8:d3:ff:dd:74:f1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
- vim host-bridge.xml
Create a kvm bridge profile
<network> <name>host-bridge</name> <forward mode="bridge"/> <bridge name="br0"/> </network>
- Create a kvm Bridge
$ sudo virsh net-define host-bridge.xml $ sudo virsh net-start host-bridge $ sudo virsh net-autostart host-bridge
- Check to see if the creation was successful
$ virsh net-list --all Name State Autostart Persistent ------------------------------------------------ host-bridge active yes yes
Create Virtual Machine
sudo virt-install --name=centos7_2003 --ram=4096 --vcpus=2 --virt-type=kvm --os-type=linux --os-variant=centos7.0 --network default,model=virtio --graphics=vnc,password=123123,port=5911,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole --accelerate --cdrom=/var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS7.qcow2,device=disk,format=qcow2,bus=virtio,cache=writeback,size=40
You can modify it yourself:
--name=centos7_2003 is the name of the virtual machine
--ram=4096 is virtual machine memory
--vcpus=2 is the number of cpu cores
password=123123 is the password required to access the virtual machine interface (you can delete it)
-cdrom=/var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso is a mirror path, download it yourself Aliyun centos7
-disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/CentOS7.qcow2 disk storage path
size=40 disk size
Check for success
$ virsh list --all Id Name State ------------------------------ 1 centos7_2003 running
Configure virtual machine static ip
$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 # The contents are as follows TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=static # Need to change to static DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=eth0 UUID=c45492fe-bc6f-40f4-a799-e620660c5b61 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes # Need to change to yes IPADDR=192.168.0.100 # ip over the same network as br0 METMASK=255.255.255.0 # Same mask as br0 DNS1=114.114.114.114 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 # Same gateway as br0 IPV6_PEERNDS=yes IPV6_PEEROUTES=yes IPV6_PRIVACY=no # End of Content
View Connectivity
#Restart Network $ systemctl restart NetworkManager # See if the network is connected $ ping 114.114.114.114 PING 114.114.114.114 (114.114.114.114) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=1 ttl=94 time=39.9 ms 64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=2 ttl=68 time=39.7 ms $ ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.38.149) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=1 ttl=52 time=43.6 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.38.149 (220.181.38.149): icmp_seq=2 ttl=52 time=43.7 ms
summary
When the host is restarted, all related networks are automatically created and tested.