1, LAMP overview
- LAMP architecture is one of the mature enterprise website application modes at present. It refers to a complete set of systems and related software working together, which can provide static and dynamic Web site services and its application development environment.
- LAMP is an abbreviation, including Linux operating system, Apache Web server, MySQL database server, PHP (or Perl, Python) web programming language.
1. Main functions of each component
(platform) Linux
- As the basis of LAMP architecture, it provides the operating system used to support the Web site, which can provide better stability and compatibility with the other three components (AMP components also support Windows, UNIX and other platforms).
(front desk) Apache
- As the front end of LAMP architecture, it is a powerful and stable Web server program. The server directly provides users with website access, sending Web pages, pictures and other file contents.
(background) MySQL
- As the back end of LAMP architecture, it is a popular open source relational database system. In enterprise websites, business systems and other applications, various account information, product information, customer information and business data can be stored in MySQL database. Other programs can query and change these information through SQL statements.
(intermediate connection) PHP/Perl/Python
- As three programming languages for developing dynamic Web pages, it is responsible for interpreting dynamic Web page files, communicating the Web server and database system to work together, and providing the development and running environment of Web applications. PHP is a widely used open source multi-purpose scripting language, which can be embedded in HTML, especially suitable for Web application development.
2. Installation sequence of components
- When building the LAMP platform, the installation sequence of each component is Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.
- Apache and MySQL are not installed in strict order. The installation of PHP environment is generally put at the end, which is responsible for communicating the Web server and database system to work together.
2, Compile and install Apache httpd service
1. Close the firewall and transfer the software package required to install Apache to the / opt directory
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld setenforce 0 httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz apr-1.6.2.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz #apr component package is used to support Apache upper application cross platform and provide lower interface library, which can effectively reduce the number of concurrent connections, processes and access congestion.
2. Install environment dependent packages
yum -y install \ gcc \ #C language compiler gcc-c++ \ #C + + compiler make \ #Source code compiler (source code to binary file) pcre \ #pcre is a perl function library, including perl compatible regular expression library pcre-devel \ #perl interface development package expat-devel \ #It is used to support the website to parse HTML and XML files perl #perl language compilation
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel expat-devel perl
3. Configuration software module
cd /opt/ tar zxvf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz tar zxvf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz tar jxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2 mv apr-1.6.2 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr mv apr-util-1.6.0 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util cd /opt/httpd-2.4.29/ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/httpd \ #Specify the path where the httpd service program will be installed --enable-so \ #Enable dynamic loading module support to enable httpd to further expand its functions --enable-rewrite \ #Enable the web address rewriting function for website optimization, anti-theft chain and directory migration maintenance --enable-charset-lite \ #Start character set support to support pages encoded with various character sets --enable-cgi #Enable CGI (general Gateway Interface) script program support to facilitate the external expansion of application access capability of the website # Docking PHP
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-charset-lite --enable-cgi
4. Compilation and installation
make #make -j 2 means to open 2 cores and compile at the same time make install
5. Optimize the configuration file path, and put the executable program file of httpd service into the directory of path environment variable for system identification
ln -s /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/ #Create a soft link to / etc/ ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
6. Add httpd system service
Method 1: change the service management of the software package
cp /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd #Used for service management chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd vi /etc/init.d/httpd #!/bin/bash #Insert a new line before the first line and add these three lines # chkconfig: 35 85 21 #Level 3 and 5 automatic operation: the 85th startup at startup and the 21st shutdown at startup # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server #Describe the role of the script chkconfig --add httpd #Add httpd service to service manager systemctl start httpd.service or service httpd start #Two cannot be mixed
Method 2: write your own service management program
vim /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service --------------- [Unit] Description=The Apache HTTP Server #describe After=network.target #Describe service category, context dependency, before,after [Service] Type=forking #Background operation mode PIDFile=/usr/local/httpd/logs/httpd.pid #PID file location, including process number ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/apachectl $OPTIONS #Start service ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID #According to PID overload configuration [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target -------------- systemctl daemon-reload ##heavy load systemctl start httpd.service systemctl enable httpd.service
7. Modify httpd service configuration file
Backup before modifying the configuration file
cp Source file destination file.bak
vim /etc/httpd.conf --52 that 's ok--modify Listen 192.198.184.10:80 --197 that 's ok--Uncomment, modify ServerName www.lic.com:80 --221 that 's ok--Default home page storage path DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs" --255 that 's ok--Default home page file name setting DirectoryIndex index.html httpd -t or apachectl -t #Check whether the configuration items of the configuration file are incorrect. You can only check whether there is a problem with the syntax cat /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html systemctl restart httpd.service #Restart service
8. Browser access verification
echo "192.168.184.10 www.lic.com" >> /etc/hosts #Host address mapping http://192.168.184.10 http://www.lic.com
3, Compile and install MySQL service
1. Transfer the software package required to install mysql to the / opt directory
m
mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz boost_1_59_0.tar.gz #Runtime supporting c + +
2. Install environment dependent packages
yum -y install \ gcc \ gcc-c++ \ ncurses \ #Dynamic library of graphic interactive function under character terminal ncurses-devel \ #ncurses development kit bison \ #Parser cmake #mysql needs to be compiled and installed with cmake
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake
3. Configuration software module
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz cd /opt mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost #rename cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17/ cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ #Specify the installation path of mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ #Specify the storage path of mysql process listening socket file (database connection file) -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ #Specify the storage path of the configuration file -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ #Specify the storage path of the process file -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #Specifies the character set encoding used by default, such as utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ #Specifies the default character set collation rule to use -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ #Specify a different character set encoding -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Install INNOBASE storage engine -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Installing the ARCHIVE storage engine -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Installing the BLACKHOLE storage engine -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ #Install PERFSCHEMA storage engine -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ #Specify the storage path of the database file -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ #Specify the path of boost. If MySQL boost integration package is used for installation, - DWITH_BOOST=boost -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 #Generate files for systemctl management
Storage engine options:
- MYISAM, MERGE, MEMORY, and CSV engines are compiled into the server by default and do not need to be explicitly installed.
- Statically compile a storage engine to the server, using - DWITH_engine_STORAGE_ENGINE= 1
- Available storage engine values are: archive, Blackhole, expand, federated, innobase (InnoDB), partition (partitioning support), and PERFSCHEMA (Performance Schema)
be careful:
If an error is reported in the process of CMAKE, after the error is solved, you need to put cmakecache in the source directory Txt file is deleted, and then CMAKE is again. Otherwise, the error remains the same
tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz cd /opt mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost #rename cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17/ cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
4. Compilation and installation
make -j 2 && make install It takes a long time to wait,-j 2 Indicates that two cores are used for compilation
5. Create mysql user
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
6. Modify mysql configuration file
vim /etc/my.cnf #Delete the original configuration item and add the following content again [client] #Client settings port = 3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql] #Server settings port = 3306 socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock auto-rehash #Turn on the automatic completion function [mysqld] #Service global settings user = mysql #Set management user basedir=/usr/local/mysql #Specify the installation directory of the database datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #Specify the storage path of the database file port = 3306 #Specify port character-set-server=utf8 #Set the encoding format of the server character set to utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid #Specify pid process file path socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock #Specify database connection file bind-address = 0.0.0.0 #Set the listening address. 0.0.0.0 means that all IP addresses are allowed. If multiple IP addresses are allowed, they should be separated by spaces skip-name-resolve #Disable DNS resolution max_connections=2048 #Set the maximum number of mysql connections default-storage-engine=INNODB #Specify the default storage engine max_allowed_packet=16M #Set the maximum packet size received by the database server-id = 1 #Specify service ID number sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
sql_ The common values of mode are as follows:
| sql_mode common value | explain |
|---|---|
| NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION | If the required storage engine is disabled or not compiled, an error is thrown. When this value is not set, the default storage engine is used instead and an exception is thrown |
| STRICT_TRANS_TABLES | In this mode, if a value cannot be inserted into a transaction table, the current operation will be interrupted and the non transaction table will not be restricted |
| NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER | GRANT is prohibited from creating users with blank passwords |
| NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO | The self growing column in mysql can start from 0. By default, the self growth column starts from 1. If you insert data with a value of 0, an error will be reported |
| NO_ZERO_IN_DATE | Zero date and month are not allowed |
| NO_ZERO_DATE | mysql database is not allowed to insert zero date. Inserting zero date will throw an error instead of a warning |
| ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO | During INSERT or UPDATE, if the data is divided by zero, an error is generated instead of a warning. By default, MySQL returns NULL when the data is divided by zero |
| PIPES_AS_CONCAT | Treat "ll" as a concatenation operator of a string rather than an or operator, which is the same as in Oracle database and is similar to the Concat function of a string |
| ANSI_QUOTES | Enable ANSI_ After quotes, the string cannot be referenced in double quotation marks because it is interpreted as an identifier |
7. Change the primary group of mysql installation directory and configuration file
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
8. Set path environment variable
echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile
9. Initialize database
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ #Generation initialization password is null --user=mysql \ #Specify administrative users --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ #Specify the installation directory of the database --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data #Specify the storage path of the database file
./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
10. Add mysqld system service
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ #For systemctl service management systemctl daemon-reload #Refresh recognition systemctl start mysqld.service #Open service systemctl enable mysqld #Power on self start netstat -anpt | grep 3306 #View port
11. Modify the login password of mysql
mysqladmin -u root -p password "abc123" #Set the password to abc123 for the root account, and the prompt is the original password (empty)
12. Authorize remote login
mysql -u root -p grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'abc123'; #The root user is authorized to log in remotely at all terminals with the password abc123, and has operation authority on all databases and tables show databases; #View existing databases
4, Compile and install PHP parsing environment
1. Transfer the software package required to install PHP to the / opt directory
php-7.1.10.tar.bz2
2. Install GD library and Gd library associated programs to process and generate pictures
yum -y install \ gd \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ #Picture format libpng libpng-devel \ #Picture format freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel
3. Configuration software module
cd /opt tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 #decompression cd /opt/php-7.1.10/
./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ #Specify the path where the PHP program will be installed --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \ #Specifies the file location of the apxs module support program provided by the Apache httpd service --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ #Specify the storage path of mysql database connection file --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 #Set the configuration file for PHP Where ini will be stored --with-mysqli \ #add to MySQL Extended support #mysqli extension technology can not only call MySQL stored procedures and handle MySQL transactions, but also make accessing the database more stable --with-zlib \ #Support zlib function and provide data compression --with-curl \ #Enable curl extension function to realize HTTP Get download and Post request --with-gd \ #Activate gd library support --with-jpeg-dir \ #Activate jpeg support --with-png-dir \ #Activate png support --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-mbstring \ #Enable multi byte string function to support Chinese and other codes --enable-xml \ #Open extensible markup language module --enable-session \ #conversation --enable-ftp \ #Text transfer protocol --enable-pdo \ #function library --enable-tokenizer \ #Token interpreter --enable-zip #ZIP compression format
./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip
4. Compilation and installation
make && make install
5. Copy the template file as the main configuration file of PHP and modify it
cp /opt/php-7.1.10/php.ini-development /usr/local/php7/php.ini #Use PHP. PHP when testing the environment Ini development file, while using PHP in the production environment Ini production file vim /usr/local/php7/php.ini --1170 that 's ok--modify mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --939 that 's ok--Uncomment, modify date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
6. Optimization: put PHP executable program files into the directory of path environment variables for system identification
ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/* /usr/local/bin/ php -m #See which modules PHP loads
7. Modify the configuration file of httpd service to make apache support PHP
vim /etc/httpd.conf --393 that 's ok--Insert the following AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps --256 that 's ok--Modify home page file name settings DirectoryIndex index.html index.php ---Check support php7 Does the module exist------ LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so
8. Validate PHP test page
rm -rf /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.html vim /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> systemctl restart httpd.service Browser access http://192.168.184.10
5, Installation Forum
1. Create database and authorize
mysql -u root -p
2. Unzip the forum zip
3. Change the owner of the forum directory
ps aux #The user name of the forum process is daemon cd /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs chown -R daemon ./config chown -R daemon ./data chown -R daemon ./uc_client chown -R daemon ./uc_server/data
4. Browser access verification
Forum page access http://192.168.80.10/bbs Database manager: localhost ###local host is used for local erection. Why not