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Under Linux, we often need to view the hardware information of the system. Here I list the practical commands for viewing the hardware information of the system, classify them and explain them with examples.
Execution environment: ubuntu 16.04
1. cpu
lscpu command to view the statistics of cpu
root@ubuntu:/home/peng/# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 #cpu architecture CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian #Small tail sequence CPU(s): 1 #There is a total of 1 core On-line CPU(s) list: 0 Thread(s) per core: 1 #Each cpu core can only support one thread, that is, hyper threading is not supported Core(s) per socket: 1 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu manufacturer: intel CPU family: 6 Model: 158 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz Stepping: 9 CPU MHz: 3408.070 BogoMIPS: 6816.14 Hypervisor vendor: VMware Virtualization type: full #Support cpu virtualization technology L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 6144K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
Check / proc/cpuinfo to know the information of each CPU, such as the model and main frequency of each CPU.
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 158 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7500 CPU @ 3.40GHz stepping : 9 microcode : 0x48 cpu MHz : 3408.070 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes .....
2. Memory
Overview view memory
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1970 702 315 13 952 1025 Swap: 974 20 954
The unit here is MB, and the total memory is 1970MB.
View detailed memory usage
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 2017516 kB MemFree: 242020 kB MemAvailable: 1003240 kB Buffers: 104192 kB Cached: 699824 kB SwapCached: 1832 kB Active: 696320 kB Inactive: 639924 kB Active(anon): 236412 kB Inactive(anon): 301996 kB Active(file): 459908 kB Inactive(file): 337928 kB Unevictable: 48 kB Mlocked: 48 kB .....
View memory hardware information
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t memory # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0084, DMI type 5, 46 bytes Memory Controller Information Error Detecting Method: None Error Correcting Capabilities: None Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave Current Interleave: One-way Interleave Maximum Memory Module Size: 32768 MB Maximum Total Memory Size: 491520 MB Supported Speeds: 70 ns 60 ns Supported Memory Types: FPM EDO DIMM SDRAM Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V Associated Memory Slots: 15 .....
The maximum memory is 491520 MB.
3. Disk
View hard disk and partition distribution
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom sda 8:0 0 500G 0 disk ├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 975M 0 part [SWAP] └─sda1 8:1 0 499G 0 part /
View hard disk and partition details
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500 GiB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x9c674a44 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 1046575103 1046573056 499G 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1046577150 1048573951 1996802 975M 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1046577152 1048573951 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
4. Network card
View network card hardware information
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)
View all network interfaces of the system
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ifconfig -a ens33 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40 inet addr:192.168.0.117 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::76fa:5548:3da0:2ef/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:174629 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:105285 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:237519396 (237.5 MB) TX bytes:9592767 (9.5 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:854 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB) TX bytes:60894 (60.8 KB)
Or
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:bb:bd:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
perhaps
If you want to view the details of a network interface, such as the detailed parameters and indicators of ens33
[some ubuntu ports are eth0]
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# ethtool ens33 Settings for ens33: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full #Support Gigabit half duplex, full duplex mode 1000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #Adaptive mode is used by default Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 1000Mb/s #The speed of the network card is 1000Mb Duplex: Full #full duplex Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: off (auto) Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes #Indicates that there is a network cable connection, which is connected with the route
5. pci
View pci information, that is, all hardware slots on the motherboard.
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset Host Bridge (rev 04) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82845 845 (Brookdale) Chipset AGP Bridge(rev 04) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #1) (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM USB (Hub #2) (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev 42) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801CAM ISA Bridge (LPC) (rev 02) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801CAM IDE U100 (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM SMBus Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller:Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.6 Modem: Intel Corporation 82801CA/CAM AC'97 Modem Controller (rev 02) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation NV17 [GeForce4 420 Go](rev a3) 02:00.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): VIA Technologies, Inc. IEEE 1394 Host Controller(rev 46) 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+(rev 10) 02:04.0 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01) 02:04.1 CardBus bridge: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ6933 Cardbus Controller (rev 01)
As can be seen from the above output, there are three PCI buses (No. 0, No. 1, No. 2) on my computer. On a single system, the insertion of multiple buses is completed through a bridge, which is a special PCI peripheral used to connect the bus. Therefore, the overall layout of the PCI system is organized as a tree. We can draw the tree structure of the PCI System on my computer through the lspci output above:
00:00.0((main bridge)--00:01.0(PCI (bridge)-----01:00:0(nVidia Graphics card) | |---00:1d(USB controller)--00:1d:0(USB1 No. 1 controller) | | | |--00:1d:1(USB2 No. 1 controller) | |-00:1e:0(PCI Bridge)--02:00.0(IEEE1394) | | | |-02:01.0(8139 Network card) | | | |-02:04(CardBus Bridge)-02:04.0(Bridge 1) | | | |--02:04.1(Bridge 2) | |-00:1f(Multifunction board)-00:1f:0(ISA (bridge) | |--00:1f:1(IDE Interface) | |--00:1f:3(SMBus) | |--00:1f:5(Multimedia sound controller) | |--00:1f:6(Modem)
As can be seen from the above figure, there are 8 PCI devices on my computer, including 4 on bus 0 (main bridge), 1 on bus 1 and 3 on bus 2. 00:1f is a multi-function board with five functions.
For more detailed information:
lspci -v perhaps lspci -vv
If you want to see the device tree: lscpi -t
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lspci -t
6. usb
View usb information
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
lsusb -t view the USB topology in the system, similar to cat /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsusb -t /: Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=uhci_hcd/2p, 12M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M |__ Port 2: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/7p, 12M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/6p, 480M
/var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids also saves VID information of many equipment manufacturers
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# cat /var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids | grep King 7778 Counterfeit flash drive [Kingston] 0100 Kingston Flash Drive (128MB) c010 Kingston FCR-HS2/ATA Card Reader 07cb Kingmax Technology, Inc. 4100 Kingsun SF-620 Infrared Adapter 4959 Kingsun KS-959 Infrared Adapter 0015 Kingston DataTraveler ELITE 0016 Kingston DataTraveler U3 0998 Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver 0999 Kingston Data Traveler2.0 Disk Driver 6519 Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 USB Stick 653c Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (512M) 653d Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (1GB) 6544 TransMemory-Mini / Kingston DataTraveler 2.0 Stick (2GB) 6545 Kingston DataTraveler 102/2.0 / HEMA Flash Drive 2 GB / PNY Attache 4GB Stick 0951 Kingston Technology 0d8a King Jim Co., Ltd 00a3 Smart King PRO Uninterruptible Power Supply (HID PDC) 0e56 Kingston Technology Company, Inc. 0f8e Kingnet Technology Co., Ltd 13fe Kingston Technology Company Inc. 1f00 Kingston DataTraveler / Patriot Xporter 1687 Kingmax Digital Inc. 16df King Billion Electronics Co., Ltd. 2149 EntropyKing Random Number Generator
lsusb -v view the details of USB devices in the system
lsusb -v
7. lshw view all hardware summary information
The following command can view all hardware summary information and output it into an html file. Export this html file to the computer and open it directly to clearly see the hardware information:
lshw -html > /hardware.html
8. lsscsi view SCSI controller device information
You can see the SCSI information and the information of all virtual disks and optical drives. If there is no hardware SCSI controller, the information will not be returned:
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sda [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00 /dev/sr0
Insert a U SB flash disk and then check:
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# lsscsi [2:0:0:0] disk VMware, VMware Virtual S 1.0 /dev/sda [4:0:0:0] cd/dvd NECVMWar VMware SATA CD01 1.00 /dev/sr0 [33:0:0:0] disk Kingston DataTraveler G2 1.00 /dev/sdb
You can see that the U SB flash drive is Kingston.
9. View bios information
root@ubuntu:/home/peng# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 3.0 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD Version: 6.00 Release Date: 07/29/2019 Address: 0xEA480 Runtime Size: 88960 bytes ROM Size: 64 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported EDD is supported Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported Smart battery is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Function key-initiated network boot is supported Targeted content distribution is supported BIOS Revision: 4.6 Firmware Revision: 0.0
dmidecode dump s the DMI(Desktop Management Interface) information of the machine in a readable way. This information includes hardware and BIOS. You can get both the current configuration and the maximum configuration supported by the system, such as the maximum number of memory supported.
If you want to see all the useful information
dmidecode -q
It contains a lot of hardware information.