The selenium test tool can be used to simulate the operation of a user's browser. The supported browsers are PhantomJS,Firefox,Chrome, etc. Developers can select different simulated browsers according to the current system form.
Each simulated browser requires a corresponding browser driver (an executable file suffixed with.exe). The author uses Google Browser Chrome, which can be downloaded from the following website
- google official (usually inaccessible due to firewall protection)
- Mirror site
Browser Version and Driver Version
1. Browser Version View
Open Google Browser >> Settings > > About Chrome > View the browser version
2. Driver Version Selection and Download
Opening the mirror site above, we can see many different versions of Chrome drivers
Select the closest driver version to the browser version and click the blue link
Each blue link corresponds to the version driver, which is divided into different compression packages for different systems.
The author's description here is only for windows Driven Downloads, so we click to download the compressed package of win32.zip and save it on the desktop
When we open it, we see that there is only one.exe file inside, which is what we call the Chrome browser driver.
Configuration of Chromedriver
We've downloaded the browser driver above, but we can't use it directly in the program, otherwise the following error will occur
'selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH. '
There are usually several ways to configure it
1. Use executable_path parameter
When instantiating a driver through selenium.webdriver.Chrome(), executable_is required The path parameter indicates the path of the drive
Example: Use Baidu to search python automatically
from selenium import webdriver
import time
url='http://www.baidu.com'
path='e:\\chromedriver.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=path)
driver.get(url)
driver.find_element('id','kw').send_keys('python')
driver.find_element('id','su').click()
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()
Run Results
2. Create Service Objects
The following warning was recently raised using the first method program:'DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object'
The program is telling us executable_path has been deprecated. Please pass in a Service object, probably because the selenium library has been updated. We can look at webdriver.py first.
From the above we can see the cause of the program error. If this parameter representing the path to the executable file has been discarded, but it looks like it is stored in a service object, let's take a look at service.py again.
Since executable_path is refactored into service.py, and we can instantiate a Service object to represent a browser-driven path
from selenium import webdriver
import time
url='http://www.baidu.com'
path=Service('e:\\chromedriver.exe') # Instantiate the path into a Service object
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=path)
driver.get(url)
driver.find_element('id','kw').send_keys('python')
driver.find_element('id','su').click()
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()
results of enforcement
3. Use default values
When the.Exe file is downloaded, we move it to the python interpreter: python.exe sibling directory Scripts
Figure
Next, when we instantiate the driver object, we don't need to specify the path again
from selenium import webdriver
import time
url='http://www.baidu.com'
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get(url)
driver.find_element('id','kw').send_keys('python')
driver.find_element('id','su').click()
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()
Run Results
