1. First understand the difference between compilation and installation and yum installation.

Install centos virtual machine under windows, which was written before. Portal~~

Compile and install:

1. It can be installed on demand. It can be installed in whatever directory you want.
2. Parameters can be set
3. You can install the version you want

yum install:

1. Convenient and fast installation
2. There is no need to consider package dependencies
3. You can directly use commands such as service nginx start.

2. yum installation preparations - switch Alibaba cloud yum source

# 1. Back up the original yum source
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup 
# 2. Download the new CentOS base Repo to / etc / yum.com repos. d/
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 
perhaps
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
# 3. Clean up cache
yum clean all 
# 4. Generate cache
yum makecache 

If you want to check whether the current Yum source is successfully switched, you can install something by using yum.

yum install vim

base: mirrors.aliyun.com represents the yum source address

3. Compiling and installing lnmp is not recommended, which is troublesome and easy to report errors.

1. nginx
   1.1 check whether nginx has been installed locally

   rpm -qa | grep nginx 
   

   If it has been installed, execute the following command to uninstall the original nginx

   rpm -e nginx-*   
   

   1.2 to install nginx, you need to compile the source code downloaded from the official website. The compilation depends on the gcc environment. If there is no gcc environment, you need to install it

   yum install gcc-c++
   

   1.3 PCRE(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) is a perl library, including perl compatible regular expression library. The http module of nginx uses pcre to parse regular expressions, so it is necessary to install pcre library on linux. pcre devel is a secondary development library developed using pcre. Nginx also needs this library. Command:

   yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
   

   1.4 zlib library provides many ways of compression and decompression. nginx uses zlib to gzip the contents of http package, so it is necessary to install zlib library on Centos.

   yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
   

   1.5 OpenSSL is a powerful secure socket layer cipher library, which includes the main cryptographic algorithms, common key and certificate encapsulation management functions and SSL protocol, and provides rich applications for testing or other purposes.
   nginx supports not only http protocol, but also https (i.e. transmitting http over ssl Protocol), so you need to install OpenSSL Library in Centos.

   yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
   

   1.6 download tar.com from the official website GZ installation package, Address~
   Mainline version: mainline version
   Stable version: stable version
   Legacy versions: old version
   

   # All our lnmp environments are installed in this directory
   cd /usr/local
   # download
   wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.0.tar.gz
   # decompression
   tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.0.tar.gz
   cd nginx-1.20.0
   # compile
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
   # install
   make && make install
   # make[1]: leave the directory "/ usr/local/nginx-1.20.0" and finally show that the compilation and installation is successful!
   

   Start and stop nginx

   cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
   ./nginx 
   ./nginx -s stop
   ./nginx -s quit
   ./nginx -s reload
   # View ngin process
   ps aux | grep nginx
   

   Configure the service of nginx
   first
   Stop nginx service first

   killall -9 nginx
   Or use CD / usr / local / nginx / SBIN / & &/ nginx -s stop

   Then edit Service configuration file

   vim /etc/init.d/nginx

   Write the following configuration in it:

   #!/bin/sh
   #
   # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
   #
   # chkconfig:   - 85 15
   # description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
   #               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
   # processname: nginx
   # config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
   # config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
   # pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
   
   # Source function library.
   . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
   
   # Source networking configuration.
   . /etc/sysconfig/network
   
   # Check that networking is up.
   [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
   
   # Configure the location of nginx commands
   # Modify the path of your nginx executable command, such as: / usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
   nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
   prog=$(basename $nginx)
   
   # Point to your configuration file path, such as: / usr / local / nginx / conf / nginx conf
   NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
   
   [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
   
   lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
   
   make_dirs() {
      # make required directories
      user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:.*--user=" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
      if [ -n "$user" ]; then
         if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
            useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
         fi
         options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
         for opt in $options; do
             if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
                 value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
                 if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
                     # echo "creating" $value
                     mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
                 fi
             fi
          done
       fi
   }
   
   start() {
       [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
       [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
       make_dirs
       echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
       daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
       retval=$?
       echo
       [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
       return $retval
   }
   
   stop() {
       echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
       killproc $prog -QUIT
       retval=$?
       echo
       [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
       return $retval
   }
   
   restart() {
       configtest || return $?
       stop
       sleep 1
       start
   }
   
   reload() {
       configtest || return $?
       echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
       killproc $prog -HUP
       retval=$?
       echo
   }
   
   force_reload() {
       restart
   }
   
   configtest() {
     $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
   }
   
   rh_status() {
       status $prog
   }
   
   rh_status_q() {
       rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
   }
   
   case "$1" in
       start)
           rh_status_q && exit 0
           $1
           ;;
       stop)
           rh_status_q || exit 0
           $1
           ;;
       restart|configtest)
           $1
           ;;
       reload)
           rh_status_q || exit 7
           $1
           ;;
       force-reload)
           force_reload
           ;;
       status)
           rh_status
           ;;
       condrestart|try-restart)
           rh_status_q || exit 0
               ;;
       *)
           echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
           exit 2
   esac
   
   

   Then execute

   # Reload the configuration file of a service
   systemctl daemon-reload
   

   Then check the nginx status

   service nginx status
   

   I made a mistake here!! Prompt error message Can't open PID file / var / run / nginx pid (yet?) After start:, because nginx main configuration file nginx The PID path configured by the PID instruction in conf is inconsistent with the PIDFile path configured in the nginx systemd service file.
   terms of settlement:

   1. I didn't solve it with this method! Set / etc / init Remove the pidfile comment of D / nginx (corresponding to your nginx service configuration file), and modify the content to logs / nginx pid
      Or put your nginx main configuration file nginx Remove the pid comment of conf and modify the content to the pidfile of your nginx service configuration file
      In short, the two pid paths can be solved all the time.
   2. This method solves the problem of specifying nginx with the parameter nginx -c The location of the conf file. Execute the following command.

      ​1. /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
      2. systemctl daemon-reload
      3. service nginx status is correct

   If you want to access nginx outside the virtual machine, remember to turn off the firewall. centos has a variety of firewalls.

   systemctl status firewalld.service - view firewall status
   systemctl stop firewalld.service - turn off the firewall
   systemctl disable firewalld.service - set boot disable firewall
   iptables firewall shutdown!!!
   servcie iptables stop -- temporarily turn off the firewall
   chkconfig iptables off -- Permanently turn off the firewall
   service iptables status -- View firewall status

   Last step: add nginx to the environment variable

   vim /etc/profile
   Write the following code at the end
   PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
   export PATH
   Finally, execute source /etc/profile

   At this point, the compilation and installation of nginx is completed!

2. mysql
   1.1 first uninstall the built-in MySQL

   rpm -qa | grep mariadb   View installed mariadb
   rpm -e mariadb-***       Uninstall the corresponding mariadb
   yum -y remove mari*		 uninstall yum Installation of mariadb
   
   rpm -qa |grep mysql		View installed mysql
   rpm -e mysql-***		Uninstall installed mysql
   yum remove mysql** 		uninstall yum Installation of mysql
   
   find / -name mysql
   rm -rf Corresponding documents
   

   1.2 download installation package
   First, check whether your linux is 32-bit or 64 bit?

   uname -a     # If it is a 64 bit machine, it will output x86_ sixty-four
   

   Download installation package mysql download address. To download the version with boost, the Linux generic version is directly downloaded, decompressed, and can be used after a little configuration. The installation and configuration of this version of mysql needs to be studied.

   https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.33.tar.gz
   

   
   Then unzip it. Here are the configuration instructions of cmake. MySQL CMake parameter manual

   tar -zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.33.tar.gz
   cd ./mysql-5.7.33
   cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.33/boost 
   make && make install
   

   1.3 after installation, execute the command

   cd /usr/local/mysql

   1.4 edit / etc / my CNF (create if not)

   [client]
   port        = 3306
   socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
   
   [mysqld]
   port        = 3306
   socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
   user = mysql
   
   base dir = /usr/local/mysql
   datadir = /data/mysql/data
   pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
   
   log_error = /data/mysql/mysql-error.log
   slow_query_log = 1
   long_query_time = 1
   slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
   
   skip-external-locking
   key_buffer_size = 32M
   max_allowed_packet = 1024M
   table_open_cache = 128
   sort_buffer_size = 768K
   net_buffer_length = 8K
   read_buffer_size = 768K
   read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
   myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
   thread_cache_size = 16
   query_cache_size = 16M
   tmp_table_size = 32M
   performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000
   
   explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
   #skip-networking
   max_connections = 500
   max_connect_errors = 100
   open_files_limit = 65535
   
   log_bin=mysql-bin
   binlog_format=mixed
   server_id   = 232
   expire_logs_days = 10
   early-plugin-load = ""
   
   default_storage_engine = InnoDB
   innodb_file_per_table = 1
   innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
   innodb_log_file_size = 32M
   innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
   innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
   innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
   
   [mysqldump]
   quick
   max_allowed_packet = 16M
   
   [mysql]
   no-auto-rehash
   
   [myisamchk]
   key_buffer_size = 32M
   sort_buffer_size = 768K
   read_buffer = 2M
   write_buffer = 2M
   

   Change the current user and group to mysql

   cd /usr/local
   chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
   

   Initialize mysql

   ./mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
   

   If the data directory is not created, remember to create it and perform initialization again.

   mkdir /data/mysql/data
   #Grant authority
   chmod -R 777 /data/mysql
   

   Copy executable configuration file

   cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
   cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
   

   So far, the installation is basically successful. mysql start

   service mysqld start
   

   Test connection

   cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
   ./mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
   

   You can connect successfully without a password
   1.5 modifying environment variables

   vim /etc/profile
   # newly added
   PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
   # Execute after saving and exiting
   source /etc/profile
   

   Set startup and self startup

   systemctl enable mysqld
   

   Check whether the machine starts automatically

   chkconfig --list
   

   A few simple commands

   service mysqld start
   service mysqld restart
   service mysqld stop
   service mysqld status
   

   Connect mysql in the virtual machine with Navicate.

   #First, check the ip address of the virtual machine
   ifconfig
   #An error will be reported when connecting directly -- > host is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
   #At this point, you need to enter mysql and execute the following command to connect.
   mysql -u root -p
   use mysql;
   update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   

   Modify MySQL password

   mysql -u root -p
   #After entering MySQL, execute directly.
   set password for root@localhost = password('root');   ##This will report an error
   #Execute the following command to find
   use mysql;
   select Host,User from user;
   #Host is no longer localhost. Because the host has been changed to% just now in order to connect with Navicat, the following command should be executed at this time
   set password for root@'%' = password('root');
   flush privileges;
   #At this time, the password of mysql is changed to root.
   

3. Install php7 four
   3.1 first download the php installation package,

   https://www.php.net/downloads.php

   3.2 decompression, compilation and installation. I downloaded php-7.4.16 tar. gz.

   #First move the compressed package to the / usr/local directory
   mv php-7.4.16.tar.gz /usr/local
   cd /usr/local
   tar -zxvf php-7.4.16.tar.gz
   cd php-7.4.16
   

   Start compiling and installing. (there's a problem here! As long as I start – with zip when compiling, and then report an error, and this error has not been solved, I directly go to – with zip when compiling. Solve it by Baidu)

   ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/php74 --with-config-file-path=/etc/php74 \
   --with-fpm-user=nginx \
   --with-fpm-group=nginx \
   --enable-fpm \
   --enable-opcache \
   --enable-inline-optimization \
   --disable-debug \
   --disable-rpath \
   --enable-shared \
   -enable-mysqlnd \
   --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
   --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
   --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
   --with-iconv-dir \
   --with-zlib \
   --enable-xml \
   --disable-rpath \
   --enable-bcmath \
   --enable-shmop \
   --enable-sysvsem \
   --enable-inline-optimization \
   --with-curl \
   --enable-mbregex \
   --enable-mbstring \
   --enable-intl \
   --enable-ftp \
   --enable-gd \
   --enable-gd-jis-conv \
   --with-jpeg   \
   --with-freetype  \
   --with-openssl \
   --with-mhash \
   --enable-pcntl \
   --enable-sockets \
   --with-xmlrpc \
   --with-zip \
   --enable-soap \
   --with-gettext \
   --disable-fileinfo \
   --with-pear \
   --enable-maintainer-zts \
   --with-ldap=shared \
   --without-gdbm 
   

   Then execute

   make && make install
   

   Add environment variable

   vim /etc/profile
   PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php74/bin    #My catalogue here is php74. Please don't make mistakes
   source /etc/profile
   # Execute at this time
   php -v   #You can see the php information
   

   Modify the PHP configuration file and find PHP in the previously compiled source package Ini production, copy it to / usr/local/php74 and rename it PHP ini

   cp /usr/local/php-7.4.16/php.ini-production /usr/local/php74/php.ini
   

   Modify PHP Ini to set the error message level

   vim /usr/local/php74/php.ini
   display_errors = On   //It was off
   

   Modify PHP FPM configuration file

   cd /usr/local/php74/etc
   cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
   vim php.fpm.conf
    Remove pid=run/php-fpm.pid Semicolon in front
   cp www.conf.default www.conf
   

   Start php

   /usr/local/php74/sbin/php-fpm
   # View process
   ps -aux | grep php
   

   Add PHP FPM to the service

   #Enter the compilation directory
   cd /usr/local/php-7.4.16/sapi/fpm
   cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
   #Give script executable commands and add startup and self startup
   chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
   chkconfig --add php-fpm
   chkconfig php-fpm on
   #Related commands
   service php-fpm start
   service php-fpm stop
   service php-fpm restart
   chkconfig --list   --View startup and startup items
   

4. Execute yum update to install lnmp using yum

1. nginx

   # Install nginx library first
   rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
   #Install nginx using yum or up2date
   yum -y install nginx
   #start nginx 
   service nginx start  perhaps   systemctl start nginx
   service nginx stop
   service nginx status
   #After the firewall is closed, the host can directly access the virtual machine nginx through the virtual machine ip
   systemctl status firewalld.service		--- View firewall status
   systemctl stop firewalld.service    		--- Turn off the firewall
   systemctl disable firewalld.service		--- Set boot disable firewall
   #Set startup and self startup
   systemctl enable nginx   #Cancel use disable since startup
   #View startup items
   systemctl list-unit-files
   systemctl list-unit-files | grep enable
   

2. mysql
   First, uninstall MySQL from centos

   #Uninstall mariadb
   rpm -qa | grep mariadb
   yum -y remove mari*
   rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/ * 
   rpm -qa | grep mariadb
   
   # Uninstall mysql database
   yum remove mysql-community-serve
   rpm -qa |grep mysql
   yum remove mysql-*
   find / -name mysql
   rm -rf /var/lib/mysql 
   

   Download the repo source of mysql repo source of mysql

   #I downloaded version 5.7 here
   cd /usr/local
   wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
   rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm 
   yum -y install mysql-server 
   

   After a long installation

   #Start mysql first
   service mysqld start
   #Then check the MySQL password
   grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
   #Then enter mysql
   mysql -u root -p
   #Want to change the mysql password to a simpler one
   #First, change a complex password, otherwise you can't modify the MySQL password policy
   ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'lol_LOL123';
   #View current MySQL policy
   SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
   #Modify strategy
   set global validate_password_policy=0;
   set global validate_password_length=1;
   #View again
   SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
   #Now you can change it to a simple password
   ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';
   

   If you want to connect with Navicat, you need to enter the database again to modify the configuration

   #After executing the following code, the navicate outside can be connected
   use mysql;
   update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   

   A few simple commands

   service mysqld start
   service mysqld stop
   service mysqld restart
   service mysqld status
   #Set mysql startup self startup
   systemctl enable mysqld   #Cancel use disable since startup
   #View startup items
   systemctl list-unit-files
   systemctl list-unit-files | grep enable
   

3. php7.4
   Installation source

    yum install epel-release
    yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
   

   Install YUM management tool

     yum install yum-utils
   

   Install php

    yum install php74-php-gd  php74-php-pdo php74-php-mbstring php74-php-cli php74-php-fpm php74-php-mysqlnd
   

   Some commands

   #Start fpm, stop fpm, restart and view status
   service php74-php-fpm start
   service php74-php-fpm stop
   service php74-php-fpm restart
   service php74-php-fpm status
   #Set startup and self startup
   systemctl enable php74-php-fpm #Cancel use disable since startup
   #View startup items
   systemctl list-unit-files
   systemctl list-unit-files | grep enable
   

   Finally, attach the nginx configuration file in the / etc/nginx/conf.d directory

   server {
       listen       80 default_server;
       
       server_name  localhost;
       root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
   
       # Load configuration files for the default server block.
   
       location / {
           # The name of the index file defining the home page has been changed here
           index index.php index.html index.htm;
       }
   
       error_page 404 /404.html;
           location = /40x.html {
       }
   
       error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
           location = /50x.html {
       }
   
       # It's new here
       # All PHP script requests are forwarded to FastCGI for processing Use the default configuration of FastCGI protocol
       # Fastcgi server and program (PHP,Python) communication protocol
       location ~ \.php$ {
           # Set listening port
           fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
           # Set the default homepage file of nginx (it has been set above and can be deleted)
           fastcgi_index  index.php;
           # Set the path of the script file request
           fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
           # Introducing the configuration file of fastcgi
           include        fastcgi_params;
       }
   }
   

5. lnmp one click installation Reference website I don't like this way, so I haven't tested it. You can read this article

Install php7 in Centos8 (Linux) 4 and three ways to delete it

6. Some errors reported

1. Starting nginx (via systemctl): Can't open PID file / var / run / nginx pid (yet?) after start
2. Handling method of nginx exception "/ usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)

7. Notes

8. Reference articles

1. Difference between source code installation and yum installation
2. Install php7 in Centos8 (Linux) 4 and three ways to delete it
3. Linuxyum source switch alicloud software source
4. CentOS7 installation Nginx This article is relatively old and can be used for reference.
5. Set nginx to system service = =, and the nginx start command is available
6. Centos 7 systemctl and firewall firewalld commands
7. Stopping and permanent closing of iptables firewall in centos
8. Differences between firewalld and iptables
9. Uninstall mysql from CentOS 7_ mysql (1) - centos7 how to completely uninstall the built-in mysql
10. MySQL CMake parameter manual
11. CentOS 7 source code compilation and installation mysql5 seven
12. Add PHP FPM to the service
13. Linux setup program starts automatically after startup (comparison of usage differences between systemctl and chkconfig commands)
14. Uninstall mysql from CentOS 7_ mysql (1) - centos7 how to completely uninstall the built-in mysql
15. Install MySQL 5.0 using yum or up2date seven
16. rpm -ivh what does this ivh do
17. Install MySQL 5.0 using yum under CentOS 7 7.20 the simplest graphic explanation
18. Install php7 in Centos8 (Linux) 4 and three ways to delete it