C2. Good Numbers (hard version)
time limit per test2 seconds memory limit per test256 megabytes inputstandard input outputstandard output The only difference between easy and hard versions is the maximum value of n. You are given a positive integer number n. You really love good numbers so you want to find the smallest good number greater than or equal to n. The positive integer is called good if it can be represented as a sum of distinct powers of 3 (i.e. no duplicates of powers of 3 are allowed). For example: 30 is a good number: 30=33+31, 1 is a good number: 1=30, 12 is a good number: 12=32+31, but 2 is not a good number: you can't represent it as a sum of distinct powers of 3 (2=30+30), 19 is not a good number: you can't represent it as a sum of distinct powers of 3 (for example, the representations 19=32+32+30=32+31+31+31+30 are invalid), 20 is also not a good number: you can't represent it as a sum of distinct powers of 3 (for example, the representation 20=32+32+30+30 is invalid). Note, that there exist other representations of 19 and 20 as sums of powers of 3 but none of them consists of distinct powers of 3. For the given positive integer n find such smallest m (n≤m) that m is a good number. You have to answer q independent queries. Input The first line of the input contains one integer q (1≤q≤500) — the number of queries. Then q queries follow. The only line of the query contains one integer n (1≤n≤1018). Output For each query, print such smallest integer m (where n≤m) that m is a good number. Example input 8 1 2 6 13 14 3620 10000 1000000000000000000 output 1 3 9 13 27 6561 19683 1350851717672992089
Main idea:
Give you a number. Find the smallest good number greater than or equal to n good number: The positive integer is called good if it can be represented as a sum of distinct powers of 3 Pretreatment f [i] = 3 ^ I; 1 < = I < = 38 Pretreatment s[i] = s[i-1] + f[i] I start from 38 to 1. I f s [i] < n, sum + = f [i], N - = f [i] in front of him, record I.
Code
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N=1e5+15; typedef long long ll; ll t,n,f[N],lf[N]; int main() { ll op=1e18+100; //cout<<op<<endl; f[1]=1; int k=0; for(int i=2;f[k]<=op;i++) { f[i]=f[i-1]*3; k=i; // cout<<k<<endl; } lf[1]=1; for(int i=1;i<=k;i++) { lf[i]=lf[i-1]+f[i]; // cout<<i<<" "<<lf[i]<<endl; } // cout<<k<<endl; // for() cin>>t; while(t--) { ll s=0; cin>>n; for(int i=k;i>=1;i--) { //cout<<n<<lf[i-1] if(lf[i-1]<n) { s+=f[i]; n-=f[i]; } } cout<<s<<endl; } return 0; }
A. New Password
time limit per test1 second memory limit per test256 megabytes inputstandard input outputstandard output Innokentiy decides to change the password in the social net "Contact!", but he is too lazy to invent a new password by himself. That is why he needs your help. Innokentiy decides that new password should satisfy the following conditions: the length of the password must be equal to n, the password should consist only of lowercase Latin letters, the number of distinct symbols in the password must be equal to k, any two consecutive symbols in the password must be distinct. Your task is to help Innokentiy and to invent a new password which will satisfy all given conditions. Input The first line contains two positive integers n and k (2 ≤ n ≤ 100, 2 ≤ k ≤ min(n, 26)) — the length of the password and the number of distinct symbols in it. Pay attention that a desired new password always exists. Output Print any password which satisfies all conditions given by Innokentiy. Examples inputCopy 4 3 outputCopy java inputCopy 6 6 outputCopy python inputCopy 5 2 outputCopy phphp Note In the first test there is one of the appropriate new passwords — java, because its length is equal to 4 and 3 distinct lowercase letters a, j and v are used in it. In the second test there is one of the appropriate new passwords — python, because its length is equal to 6 and it consists of 6 distinct lowercase letters. In the third test there is one of the appropriate new passwords — phphp, because its length is equal to 5 and 2 distinct lowercase letters p and h are used in it. Pay attention the condition that no two identical symbols are consecutive is correct for all appropriate passwords in tests.
Title:
Given two numbers n,k; let you output a string of length n. It contains k different characters (all lowercase English characters), and the adjacent characters can not be the same
Train of thought:
K different characters are a,b,c... char('a'+k-1);
for loop output directly, (i need to take the remainder of k).
Code:
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N=1e5+15; typedef long long ll; ll t,n,k,f[N],lf[N]; int main() { cin>>n>>k; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { cout<<char('a'+(i%k)); } cout<<endl; return 0; }
A. Beautiful Regional Contest
time limit per test2 seconds memory limit per test256 megabytes inputstandard input outputstandard output So the Beautiful Regional Contest (BeRC) has come to an end! n students took part in the contest. The final standings are already known: the participant in the i-th place solved pi problems. Since the participants are primarily sorted by the number of solved problems, then p1≥p2≥⋯≥pn. Help the jury distribute the gold, silver and bronze medals. Let their numbers be g, s and b, respectively. Here is a list of requirements from the rules, which all must be satisfied: for each of the three types of medals, at least one medal must be awarded (that is, g>0, s>0 and b>0); the number of gold medals must be strictly less than the number of silver and the number of bronze (that is, g<s and g<b, but there are no requirements between s and b); each gold medalist must solve strictly more problems than any awarded with a silver medal; each silver medalist must solve strictly more problems than any awarded a bronze medal; each bronze medalist must solve strictly more problems than any participant not awarded a medal; the total number of medalists g+s+b should not exceed half of all participants (for example, if n=21, then you can award a maximum of 10 participants, and if n=26, then you can award a maximum of 13 participants). The jury wants to reward with medals the total maximal number participants (i.e. to maximize g+s+b) so that all of the items listed above are fulfilled. Help the jury find such a way to award medals. Input The first line of the input contains an integer t (1≤t≤10000) — the number of test cases in the input. Then t test cases follow. The first line of a test case contains an integer n (1≤n≤4⋅105) — the number of BeRC participants. The second line of a test case contains integers p1,p2,...,pn (0≤pi≤106), where pi is equal to the number of problems solved by the i-th participant from the final standings. The values pi are sorted in non-increasing order, i.e. p1≥p2≥⋯≥pn. The sum of n over all test cases in the input does not exceed 4⋅105. Output Print t lines, the j-th line should contain the answer to the j-th test case. The answer consists of three non-negative integers g,s,b. Print g=s=b=0 if there is no way to reward participants with medals so that all requirements from the statement are satisfied at the same time. Otherwise, print three positive numbers g,s,b — the possible number of gold, silver and bronze medals, respectively. The sum of g+s+b should be the maximum possible. If there are several answers, print any of them. Example inputCopy 5 12 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 2 1 1 1000000 20 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 32 64 64 63 58 58 58 58 58 37 37 37 37 34 34 28 28 28 28 28 28 24 24 19 17 17 17 17 16 16 16 16 11 outputCopy 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 3 2 6 6 Note In the first test case, it is possible to reward 1 gold, 2 silver and 3 bronze medals. In this case, the participant solved 5 tasks will be rewarded with the gold medal, participants solved 4 tasks will be rewarded with silver medals, participants solved 2 or 3 tasks will be rewarded with bronze medals. Participants solved exactly 1 task won't be rewarded. It's easy to see, that in this case, all conditions are satisfied and it is possible to reward participants in this way. It is impossible to give more than 6 medals because the number of medals should not exceed half of the number of participants. The answer 1, 3, 2 is also correct in this test case. In the second and third test cases, it is impossible to reward medals, because at least one medal of each type should be given, but the number of medals should not exceed half of the number of participants.
Title:
When n individuals take part in the competition, you should give them medals, and stipulate that the number of gold medal winners is strictly smaller than that of silver medal winners and bronze medal winners The number of winners, the number of winners of all three medals should be greater than 0 And the number of gold medal winners is strictly greater than that of silver medal winners, and silver medal is also strictly greater than that of bronze medal. Ask if you can issue medals according to the rules. If you can export the quantity of gold, silver and copper, otherwise you will export 0.00
thinking
First of all, to ensure that there is a solution, it is necessary to ensure that the number of gold medal winners is as small as possible and the number of total medal winners is as large as possible. 1 first sorted. 2 start from n/2 and find the first person who can be granted bronze medal. Make sure there are enough total medals 3 start from 1 and find the first person who can be satisfied to be awarded the gold medal. Keep gold medal winners to a minimum. 4 find the first person who can be awarded a silver medal by starting with the subscript of double the number of gold medal winners + 1. Because in order to satisfy the silver medal winner, the bronze medal winner should also satisfy as much as possible. 5. Judge whether there is solution and output.
Code:
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N=4e5+15; typedef long long ll; ll t,n,k,f[N],lf[N]; int a[N]; int main() { cin>>t; while(t--) { cin>>n; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%d",&a[i]); } int k1=0,k2=0,k3=0; for(int i=n/2;i>=1;i--) { if(a[i]>a[i+1]) { k1=i; break; } } for(int i=1;i<=n/2;i++) { if(a[i]>a[i+1]) { k2=i; break; } } for(int i=k2+k2+1;i<=k1;i++) { if(a[i]>a[i+1]) { k3=i; break; } } // cout<<k2<<" "<<k1<<" "<<k3<<endl; if(k1==0||k2==0||k3==0||k3-k2<=k2||k1-k3<=k2) { cout<<"0 0 0"<<endl; } else { cout<<k2<<" "<<k3-k2<<" "<<k1-k3<<endl; } } return 0; }
B. Yet Another Array Partitioning Task
time limit per test2 seconds memory limit per test256 megabytes inputstandard input outputstandard output An array b is called to be a subarray of a if it forms a continuous subsequence of a, that is, if it is equal to al, al+1, ..., ar for some l,r. Suppose m is some known constant. For any array, having m or more elements, let's define it's beauty as the sum of m largest elements of that array. For example: For array x=[4,3,1,5,2] and m=3, the 3 largest elements of x are 5, 4 and 3, so the beauty of x is 5+4+3=12. For array x=[10,10,10] and m=2, the beauty of x is 10+10=20. You are given an array a1,a2,...,an, the value of the said constant m and an integer k. Your need to split the array a into exactly k subarrays such that: Each element from a belongs to exactly one subarray. Each subarray has at least m elements. The sum of all beauties of k subarrays is maximum possible. Input The first line contains three integers n, m and k (2≤n≤2⋅105, 1≤m, 2≤k, m⋅k≤n) — the number of elements in a, the constant m in the definition of beauty and the number of subarrays to split to. The second line contains n integers a1,a2,...,an (−109≤ai≤109). Output In the first line, print the maximum possible sum of the beauties of the subarrays in the optimal partition. In the second line, print k−1 integers p1,p2,...,pk−1 (1≤p1<p2<...<pk−1<n) representing the partition of the array, in which: All elements with indices from 1 to p1 belong to the first subarray. All elements with indices from p1+1 to p2 belong to the second subarray. .... All elements with indices from pk−1+1 to n belong to the last, k-th subarray. If there are several optimal partitions, print any of them. Examples inputCopy 9 2 3 5 2 5 2 4 1 1 3 2 outputCopy 21 3 5 inputCopy 6 1 4 4 1 3 2 2 3 outputCopy 12 1 3 5 inputCopy 2 1 2 -1000000000 1000000000 outputCopy 0 1 Note In the first example, one of the optimal partitions is [5,2,5], [2,4], [1,1,3,2]. The beauty of the subarray [5,2,5] is 5+5=10. The beauty of the subarray [2,4] is 2+4=6. The beauty of the subarray [1,1,3,2] is 3+2=5. The sum of their beauties is 10+6+5=21. In the second example, one optimal partition is [4], [1,3], [2,2], [3].
Main idea:
Given three numbers n,m,k; I'll give you n numbers: a1 to an; You have to divide it into k parts, the weight of each part, and the sum of the largest number of m in it Make sum equal to the sum of the weights of each part. You need to ensure that sum is the maximum, sum is the output, and how you divide it.
Train of thought:
According to the meaning of the question, it's easy to think that it's better to select the first (m*k) largest element in sequence a. With an array b=a;sort b; you can know the first (m*k) largest element in sequence a. Because of the data size, use map to store the number of occurrences of each of the first (m*k) largest elements in a. Then, I traverse a, and encounter an element with MP [a [i]] > 0. The number of valid elements in this part --; When the number of effective elements in this part is zero, a new part can be opened, and it can end when it reaches the end & k effective parts.
Code:
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N=2e5+15; typedef long long ll; ll t,n,k,m,b[N],c[N],a[N]; map<ll,int>mp; bool cmp(ll a,ll b) { return a>b; } int main() { cin>>n>>m>>k; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%lld",&a[i]); b[i]=a[i]; } ll sum=0; sort(b+1,b+1+n,cmp); for(int i=1;i<=k*m;i++) { sum+=b[i]; mp[b[i]]++; } //cout<<mp[5]<<" "<<mp[4]<<" "<<mp[3]<<" "<<mp[2]<<endl; int lk=m,lt=1,cnt=0; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { if(mp[a[i]]>0) { mp[a[i]]--; lk--; } if(lk==0) { lk=m; c[lt]=i; lt++; if(lt==k) break; } } cout<<sum<<endl; for(int i=1;i<lt;i++) cout<<c[i]<<" "; cout<<endl; return 0; }
C. Sweets Eating
time limit per test1 second memory limit per test256 megabytes inputstandard input outputstandard output Tsumugi brought n delicious sweets to the Light Music Club. They are numbered from 1 to n, where the i-th sweet has a sugar concentration described by an integer ai. Yui loves sweets, but she can eat at most m sweets each day for health reasons. Days are 1-indexed (numbered 1,2,3,...). Eating the sweet i at the d-th day will cause a sugar penalty of (d⋅ai), as sweets become more sugary with time. A sweet can be eaten at most once. The total sugar penalty will be the sum of the individual penalties of each sweet eaten. Suppose that Yui chooses exactly k sweets, and eats them in any order she wants. What is the minimum total sugar penalty she can get? Since Yui is an undecided girl, she wants you to answer this question for every value of k between 1 and n. Input The first line contains two integers n and m (1≤m≤n≤200 000). The second line contains n integers a1,a2,...,an (1≤ai≤200 000). Output You have to output n integers x1,x2,...,xn on a single line, separed by spaces, where xk is the minimum total sugar penalty Yui can get if she eats exactly k sweets. Examples inputCopy 9 2 6 19 3 4 4 2 6 7 8 outputCopy 2 5 11 18 30 43 62 83 121 inputCopy 1 1 7 outputCopy 7 Note Let's analyze the answer for k=5 in the first example. Here is one of the possible ways to eat 5 sweets that minimize total sugar penalty: Day 1: sweets 1 and 4 Day 2: sweets 5 and 3 Day 3 : sweet 6 Total penalty is 1⋅a1+1⋅a4+2⋅a5+2⋅a3+3⋅a6=6+4+8+6+6=30. We can prove that it's the minimum total sugar penalty Yui can achieve if she eats 5 sweets, hence x5=30.
Title:
Given n,m;a1 to an; You have n sugars, and the weight of each sugar is a I; you can eat up to m sugars in a day, and the weight of a sugar you eat on the K day is k*a[i]. To define f[i] as the minimum weight value obtained by eating I sugar, please output f[1] to f[n]
Train of thought:
It's easy to think that there are two conditions for the minimum weight of i sugar 1 select the first i sugar with the least weight. 2 in this i sugar to eat the weight of the larger. At this time, I think of sorting sequence a from small to large. Then think about a simple problem, that is, when m=1; Obviously, at this time, f[i]=f[i-1]*2+a[i]; considering maintaining prefix and s, the formula is equivalent to f[i]=f[i-1]+s[i] Then it can be concluded that m > 1 has similar properties. It's block thinking. The elements with the same value obtained from i%m are classified into the same part, and the elements are divided into M parts at most. Then we can use the property of m=1 to solve the elements in the same part. Because at this time, if you move forward m steps, you need to take n/m steps in total. Complexity (m) * (n/m) is equal to O (n)
Code:
#include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; const int N=2e5+15; typedef long long ll; ll t,n,k,m,f[N],s[N],a[N]; int main() { cin>>n>>m; for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) { scanf("%d",&a[i]); } sort(a+1,a+1+n); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) s[i]=s[i-1]+a[i]; for(int d=0;d<=m-1;d++) { f[d]=s[d]; for(int i=1;i*m+d<=n;i++) { f[i*m+d]=f[i*m+d-m]+s[i*m+d]; } } for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) cout<<f[i]<<" "; return 0; }
