catalogue
2. Install and upgrade using yum or up2date
2. Build Alibaba cloud warehouse
1, YUM overview
yum is a software update mechanism based on RPM package (short for red hat package manager), which can automatically solve the dependencies between packages. It solves a lot of time for finding and installing dependent packages in daily work.
Yum is composed of warehouse and client, that is, the whole Yum is composed of two parts, so yum can be stored on two servers. It can also be stored on a server. Services can be provided by officials or by third parties, such as domestic Alibaba cloud, Sohu cloud, and some non-profit organizations such as schools. The official source is generally abroad, and the download speed must be limited. Manually changing to domestic cloud can greatly improve the download speed.
2, YUM implementation process
Create a yum repository (warehouse) on the yum server. Many rpm packages and related metadata files of the package are stored in the warehouse in advance (placed in the specific directory repodata). When the yum client installs the package using the yum/dnf tool, the metadata in repodata will be automatically downloaded to query whether there are related packages and dependencies in the remote data, Automatically find relevant packages from the warehouse, download and install them.
3, YUM command
1. Inquiry
1.yum list [software name] - displays the available installation packages
[root@localhost ~]# yum list gcc Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com Installed packages gcc.x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 @base
2.yum info [software name] - displays installation package details
[root@localhost ~]# yum info gcc
Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.cn99.com
* updates: mirrors.cn99.com
Installed packages
name : gcc
framework : x86_64
edition : 4.8.5
release : 44.el7
size : 37 M
source : installed
From source: base
brief introduction : Various compilers (C, C++, Objective-C, Java, ...)
website : http://gcc.gnu.org
agreement : GPLv3+ and GPLv3+ with exceptions and GPLv2+ with exceptions and LGPLv2+
: and BSD
describe : The gcc package contains the GNU Compiler Collection version 4.8.
: You'll need this package in order to compile C code.
3.yum search keyword --- find the software package according to the keyword
[root@localhost ~]# yum search ftp
Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.cn99.com
* updates: mirrors.cn99.com
================================ N/S matched: ftp =================================
ftp.x86_64 : The standard UNIX FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client
lftp-scripts.noarch : Scripts for lftp
syslinux-tftpboot.noarch : SYSLINUX modules in /var/lib/tftpboot, available for
: network booting
tftp.x86_64 : The client for the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
tftp-server.x86_64 : The server for the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
vsftpd.x86_64 : Very Secure Ftp Daemon
vsftpd-sysvinit.x86_64 : SysV initscript for vsftpd daemon
curl.x86_64 : A utility for getting files from remote servers (FTP, HTTP, and
: others)
lftp.i686 : A sophisticated file transfer program
lftp.x86_64 : A sophisticated file transfer program
wget.x86_64 : A utility for retrieving files using the HTTP or FTP protocols
Name and profile match only，Use“ search all"try.
4.yum whatprovides keyword --- know a command but don't know the specific package
[root@localhost ~]# yum whatprovides ftp Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64 : The standard UNIX FTP (File Transfer Protocol) client source : base
5.yum gruoplist
For the query of installation package group, all information is displayed without package group
[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks The group information file is not installed Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com Available environment groups: minimal installation Infrastructure server Calculation node File and print server Basic web server Virtualization host belt GUI Server GNOME desktop KDE Plasma Workspaces Development and generation workstation Available groups: tradition UNIX compatibility Compatibility Library Graphics management tools Security tools development tool Console Internet tools Smart card support Scientific notation support system management system management tool complete
6.yum groupinfo package description
Display all without package
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinfo "GNOME Desktop" Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks The group information file is not installed Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com Environmental grouping: GNOME desktop environment ID: gnome-desktop-environment Description: GNOME Is a very intuitive and user-friendly desktop environment. Prerequisite group: +base +core +desktop-debugging +dial-up +directory-client +fonts +gnome-desktop +guest-agents +guest-desktop-agents +input-methods +internet-browser +java-platform +multimedia +network-file-system-client +networkmanager-submodules +print-client +x11 Optional groups: +backup-client +gnome-apps +internet-applications +legacy-x +office-suite +remote-desktop-clients +smart-card
2. Install and upgrade using yum or up2date
1.yum install
yum install [software name]
[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 243 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:01 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:02 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 11 MB 00:00:02 Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.dgut.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn Resolving dependencies --> Checking transactions ---> software package gcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded --> Processing dependencies gcc = 4.8.5-16.el7，It is a software package gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies gcc = 4.8.5-16.el7，It is a software package gcc-c++-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies gcc = 4.8.5-16.el7，It is a software package libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 need ---> software package gcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated --> Processing dependencies libgomp = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies cpp = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies libgcc >= 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Checking transactions ---> software package cpp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package cpp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated ---> software package gcc-c++.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package gcc-c++.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated --> Processing dependencies libstdc++-devel = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies libstdc++ = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need ---> software package gcc-gfortran.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package gcc-gfortran.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated --> Processing dependencies libquadmath = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies libgfortran = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need ---> software package libgcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package libgcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated ---> software package libgomp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package libgomp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated ---> software package libquadmath-devel.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package libquadmath-devel.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated --> Checking transactions ---> software package libgfortran.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package libgfortran.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated ---> software package libquadmath.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package libquadmath.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated ---> software package libstdc++.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package libstdc++.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated ---> software package libstdc++-devel.x86_64.0.4.8.5-16.el7 Will be upgraded ---> software package libstdc++-devel.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be updated --> Resolve dependency complete Dependency resolution =================================================================================== Package framework edition source size =================================================================================== Updating: gcc x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 16 M Update for dependency: cpp x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 5.9 M gcc-c++ x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 7.2 M gcc-gfortran x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 6.7 M libgcc x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 103 k libgfortran x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 301 k libgomp x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 159 k libquadmath x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 190 k libquadmath-devel x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 54 k libstdc++ x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 306 k libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 base 1.5 M Transaction summary =================================================================================== Upgrade 1 package (+10 Dependent packages) Total downloads: 39 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: No Presto metadata available for base Warning:/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm: head V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, secret key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm Your public key is not installed (1/11): gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 16 MB 00:00:02 (2/11): cpp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 5.9 MB 00:00:02 (3/11): gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 7.2 MB 00:00:00 (4/11): libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (5/11): libgfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 301 kB 00:00:00 (6/11): libgomp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 159 kB 00:00:00 (7/11): libquadmath-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 190 kB 00:00:00 (8/11): libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 54 kB 00:00:00 (9/11): libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 306 kB 00:00:00 (10/11): libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00:00 (11/11): gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm | 6.7 MB 00:00:01 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- total 9.6 MB/s | 39 MB 00:04 from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 retrieving keys Import GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: user ID : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>" fingerprint : 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 software package : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda) come from : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Continue?[y/N]: y Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 1/22 Updating : libquadmath-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 2/22 Updating : libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 3/22 Updating : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 4/22 Updating : libgfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 5/22 Updating : libgomp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 6/22 Updating : cpp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 7/22 Updating : gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 8/22 Updating : libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 9/22 Updating : gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 10/22 Updating : gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 11/22 clear : gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 12/22 clear : gcc-c++-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 13/22 clear : libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 14/22 clear : gcc-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 15/22 clear : libgfortran-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 16/22 clear : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 17/22 clear : libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 18/22 clear : libgcc-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 19/22 clear : libquadmath-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 20/22 clear : cpp-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 21/22 clear : libgomp-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 22/22 Verification in progress : gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 1/22 Verification in progress : gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 2/22 Verification in progress : libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 3/22 Verification in progress : libquadmath-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 4/22 Verification in progress : cpp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 5/22 Verification in progress : libgfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 6/22 Verification in progress : gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 7/22 Verification in progress : libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 8/22 Verification in progress : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 9/22 Verification in progress : libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 10/22 Verification in progress : libgomp-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 11/22 Verification in progress : libgfortran-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 12/22 Verification in progress : gcc-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 13/22 Verification in progress : libgcc-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 14/22 Verification in progress : libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 15/22 Verification in progress : libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 16/22 Verification in progress : libgomp-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 17/22 Verification in progress : gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 18/22 Verification in progress : gcc-c++-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 19/22 Verification in progress : cpp-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 20/22 Verification in progress : libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 21/22 Verification in progress : libquadmath-4.8.5-16.el7.x86_64 22/22 Update complete: gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 Upgraded as a dependency: cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 gcc-gfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libgfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libquadmath.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libquadmath-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 complete!
2.yum groupinstall package description
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall gnome desktop
3.yum update -- update charter
[root@localhost ~]# yum update gcc Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.dgut.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn No packages marked for update
4.yum groupupdate
Package updates and individual package updates
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupupdate Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.dgut.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn Maybe run: yum groups mark install (see man yum) There are no packages to install or upgrade in the specified group
3. Software uninstall
1.yum remove software name
Uninstall installed software
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove gcc Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks Resolving dependencies --> Checking transactions ---> software package gcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be deleted --> Processing dependencies gcc，It is a software package systemtap-devel-3.1-3.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies gcc = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies gcc = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies gcc，It is a software package systemtap-devel-3.1-3.el7.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies gcc = 4.8.5，It is a software package libtool-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies gcc = 4.8.5-44.el7，It is a software package gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 need --> Checking transactions ---> software package gcc-c++.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be deleted ---> software package gcc-gfortran.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be deleted ---> software package libquadmath-devel.x86_64.0.4.8.5-44.el7 Will be deleted ---> software package libtool.x86_64.0.2.4.2-22.el7_3 Will be deleted ---> software package systemtap-devel.x86_64.0.3.1-3.el7 Will be deleted --> Processing dependencies systemtap-devel = 3.1-3.el7，It is a software package systemtap-3.1-3.el7.x86_64 need --> Checking transactions ---> software package systemtap.x86_64.0.3.1-3.el7 Will be deleted --> Resolve dependency complete Dependency resolution =================================================================================== Package framework edition source size =================================================================================== Deleting: gcc x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 @base 37 M Remove for dependency: gcc-c++ x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 @base 16 M gcc-gfortran x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 @base 16 M libquadmath-devel x86_64 4.8.5-44.el7 @base 18 k libtool x86_64 2.4.2-22.el7_3 @anaconda 2.2 M systemtap x86_64 3.1-3.el7 @anaconda 197 k systemtap-devel x86_64 3.1-3.el7 @anaconda 7.2 M Transaction summary =================================================================================== Remove 1 package (+6 Dependent packages) Installation size: 79 M Continue?[y/N]: y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Deleting : gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 1/7 Deleting : libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 2/7 Deleting : libtool-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64 3/7 Deleting : systemtap-3.1-3.el7.x86_64 4/7 Deleting : systemtap-devel-3.1-3.el7.x86_64 5/7 Deleting : gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 6/7 Deleting : gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 7/7 Verification in progress : gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 1/7 Verification in progress : gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 2/7 Verification in progress : libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 3/7 Verification in progress : systemtap-devel-3.1-3.el7.x86_64 4/7 Verification in progress : gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64 5/7 Verification in progress : systemtap-3.1-3.el7.x86_64 6/7 Verification in progress : libtool-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64 7/7 delete: gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 Deleted as dependency: gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 gcc-gfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libquadmath-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 libtool.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3 systemtap.x86_64 0:3.1-3.el7 systemtap-devel.x86_64 0:3.1-3.el7 complete!
2.yum groupremove package group name
Uninstall package group
3.yum history
View usage history
[root@localhost ~]# yum history
Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks
ID | log on user | Date and time | operation | Number of changes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 | root <root> | 2021-10-07 15:09 | Erase | 7
4 | root <root> | 2021-10-07 15:03 | I, U | 14
3 | root <root> | 2021-10-07 15:01 | Install | 3
2 | root <root> | 2021-10-07 15:00 | Update | 11
1 | system <empty> | 2021-10-07 16:03 | Install | 1372
history list
4, Build yum warehouse
1. Build local warehouse
1. Mount the image file in the optical drive
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt mount: /dev/sr0 Write protected, will mount as read-only [root@localhost ~]# df -hT #View mount file system type Capacity used available used% Mount point /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 3.6G 47G 8% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 9.1M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 46G 33M 46G 1% /home /dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 378M 44K 378M 1% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt [root@localhost ~]#
2. Switch to the yum.repo.d directory, create a new folder, and move the built-in repo files to the folder. Multiple open warehouse files may cause conflicts and cannot be used
root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir qwe [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo qwe [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls qwe [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
3. Create a new local warehouse
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim asd.repo [qwe] name=asd baseurl=file:///mnt enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 :wq
4.yum list
Check the warehouse and use it normally without error
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list
5.yum installation
yum install software name
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd Plug in loaded: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving dependencies --> Checking transactions ---> software package httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-67.el7.centos Will be installed --> Processing dependencies httpd-tools = 2.4.6-67.el7.centos，It is a software package httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 need --> Processing dependencies /etc/mime.types，It is a software package httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 need --> Checking transactions ---> software package httpd-tools.x86_64.0.2.4.6-67.el7.centos Will be installed ---> software package mailcap.noarch.0.2.1.41-2.el7 Will be installed --> Resolve dependency complete Dependency resolution =================================================================================== Package framework edition source size =================================================================================== Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos qwe 2.7 M Install for dependency: httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-67.el7.centos qwe 87 k mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 qwe 31 k Transaction summary =================================================================================== Install 1 package (+2 Dependent packages) Total downloads: 2.8 M Installation size: 9.6 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- total one hundred and forty-four MB/s | 2.8 MB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/3 Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/3 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 3/3 Verification in progress : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 1/3 Verification in progress : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 2/3 Verification in progress : httpd-tools-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.x86_64 3/3 already installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos Installed as a dependency: httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 complete!
2. Build Alibaba cloud warehouse
1. Switch to the yum.repo.d directory and remove the built-in repo
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir ding [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo ding [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls ding [root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
yum source for centos system
yum source for CentOS system
#Alibaba cloud
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/
#Tencent cloud
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/
#Hua Weiyun
https://repo.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/
#Tsinghua University
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/
yum source for EPEL
#Alibaba cloud
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
#Tencent cloud
https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
#Hua Weiyun
https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
#Tsinghua University
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/x86_64
#Update source
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
2. Create a new aliyun warehouse
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim aliyun.repo [ali] name=aliyun baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/ aseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=0
5, NFS share
NFS (Network File System network file service) NFS is a Network File System protocol based on TCP/IP transmission, which was originally developed by Sun company. By using the NFS protocol, clients can access the shared resources in the remote server like accessing the local directory. NFS is also a protocol inevitably supported by NAS storage devices
1. Characteristics
Use TCP/IP to transmit network files
Low safety
Easy to operate
Suitable for LAN environment
2. Advantage
Advantages of NFS: save local storage space, store common data such as: / home directory on NFS server and access through network, which will reduce the utilization of local disk
3. Construction process
Add a hard disk for sharing
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nfs-utils.x86_64 rpcbind -y #Install package [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /share [root@localhost ~]# cd /share/ [root@localhost share]# chmod -R 777 /share/ [root@localhost share]# vim /etc/exports /share * [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nfs [root@localhost ~]#exports -vr [r[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep rpc [root@localhost ~]# showmount -e #Client [root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.7.250:/opt/wwwroot /var/www/html [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab 192.168.7.250:/opt/wwwroot /var/www/html nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0 showmount -e Host name (view remote host) nfs (shared)
6, Summary
The YUM software warehouse is mainly published through HTTP or FTP and requires data, including the header of all rpm files
When querying a package using the yum command, the available sub commands include list, info and search, which are used to query the package list, the description of the package and the specified package respectively
When installing, upgrading and uninstalling a package using the yum command, the corresponding subcommands are install, update and remove
The implementation of acting as NFS client and NFNFS service depends on RPC mechanism and the intermediary of RPCS server. In CentOS 6 system, NFS utils rpcbind package needs to be installed to provide NFS sharing service. The former is used for NFS sharing publishing and access, and the latter is used for NFS sharing
J is supported by RPC.
The mount command is used to mount the access to nfs shares, and the corresponding file system type is nfs. You can mount manually or add fstab configuration file to realize automatic mount after startup.