Detailed explanation of smooth upgrade of nginx

Posted by jboy6t9 on Fri, 18 Feb 2022 02:06:49 +0100

1. Why upgrade nginx smoothly

As nginx becomes more and more popular, and the advantages of nginx become more and more obvious, the version iteration of nginx also comes to the acceleration mode. Version 1.9.0 of nginx updates many new functions, such as the four-tier agent function of stream. With the wide application of nginx, the version upgrade must be faster and faster, and the online business cannot be stopped. At this time, the upgrade of nginx is the work of operation and maintenance

Nginx easily helps us achieve a smooth upgrade. Its principle is simply summarized as follows: (1) start a new process without stopping the old process. (2) The old process is responsible for processing requests that are still not processed, but will no longer accept processing requests. (3) The new process accepts new requests. (4) The old process handles all requests, closes all connections, and then stops. In this way, the smooth upgrade is easily realized. In general, there are two situations where nginx needs to be upgraded: one is to upgrade the version of nginx, and the other is to add new modules to nginx

2. Introduction to Nginx signal

Signals supported by the main process

  • TERM, INT: exit now
  • QUIT: wait for the end of the work process before exiting
  • KILL: force process termination
  • HUP: reload the configuration file, start the working process with the new configuration, and gradually close the old process.
  • USR1: reopen log file
  • USR2: start a new main process to realize hot upgrade
  • WINCH: gradually close the working process

Signals supported by work process

  • TERM, INT: exit now
  • QUIT: wait until the request processing is completed before exiting
  • USR1: reopen log file

3. nginx smooth upgrade actual combat

3.1 view the existing nginx compilation parameters

[root@nginx-server ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

Install nginx according to the original compilation parameters. Just go to make and never make install. If make install, the original configuration file will be overwritten

[root@nginx-server ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/
[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --group=nginx --user=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module --with-stream --with-http_image_filter_module
[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# make

3.2 backup the original nginx binary file

Back up binaries and nginx configuration files (during which nginx will not stop service)

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_$(date +%F)

3.3 copy the new nginx binary file and enter the new nginx source code package

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

3.4 test whether the new version of nginx is normal

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

3.5 send a smooth migration signal to nginx (if you don't know the pid path, please check the nginx configuration file)

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

3.6 check nginx pid, and an nginx will appear pid. oldbin

[root@nginx-server logs]# ll nginx.pid*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 5 July 10:58 nginx.pid
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 5 July 9:56 nginx.pid.oldbin

3.7 calmly shut down the old Nginx process

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -WINCH `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`

3.8 do not overload the configuration and start the old working process at this time

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`

3.9 finish the work process and complete the upgrade

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid.oldbin`

3.10 verify whether the upgrade of Nginx is successful

[root@nginx-server ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

4. Upgrade experiment

4.1 install and configure version 1.6 nginx and restart a machine

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel
[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.6.3
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# make && make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# netstat -lntp
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13989/nginx: master

4.2 viewing versions and modules

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V 
nginx version: nginx/1.6.3
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) 
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# echo "nginx1.6" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# yum install -y elinks

4.3 access verification

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# elinks 10.0.105.189

4.4 upgrade nginx

Upgrade the nginx version and add SSL and pcre modules without affecting the business

[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=ngiinx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_lod
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak
[root@localhost ~]# kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/
access.log  error.log  nginx.pid
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep nginx 
root      13989  0.0  0.0  24860   952 ?        Ss   13:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx     13990  0.0  0.1  25284  1720 ?        S    13:55   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      16525  0.0  0.0 112708   976 pts/2    S+   14:09   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

4.5 verify whether nginx is upgraded successfully

4.6 nginx error page configuration

The nginx error page includes 404 403 500 502 503 504 and other pages. You only need to add the following configuration in the server:

#error_page  404 403 500 502 503 504  /404.html;
                location = /404.html {
                        root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
                }

be careful:

/The path usr/local/nginx/html / must have 404 HTML this file!!!

404.html, if you reference png or css of other files, there will be a problem and it will not be displayed, because the access of other files also needs to be configured; For simplicity, css can be embedded into the file, and the pictures can be embedded with base coding; As follows:

[root@localhost html]# vim 404.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
        <title>404</title>
        <style>
            .layout-table{display:table;height:100%;width:100%;vertical-align: middle;margin-top:150px}
            .layout-table-cell{display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;text-align:center}
            .layout-tip{font-size:28px;color:#373737;margin: 0 auto;margin-top:16px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;padding-bottom: 20px;width: 360px;}
            #tips{font-size:18px;color:#666666;margin-top:16px;}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body class="layui-layout-body">
        <div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin">
            
            <div class="layui-body">
                <div class="layout-table">
                    <div class="layout-table-cell">
                        <img 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" 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                        <p class="layout-tip">Oh, I can't find the page!</p>
                        <p id="tips">Please check whether your network connection is normal or the URL you entered is correct</p>
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