Detailed Installation and Configuration of nginx
nginx virtual server curl-
- Configuration is simple, flexible and portable.
- High concurrency (static small file), static tens of thousands of concurrency
- Small resource, 2W concurrent, 10 threaded services, memory consumption is only several hundred M
- There are many kinds of functions (web,cache, proxy), but each function is not particularly strong.
- nginx can cooperate with dynamic services (FASTCGI interface)
- Using nginx can limit the speed of ip and the number of connections
- nginx has high concurrency, small files of 1-2M can support concurrency of 1-3W at the same time.
Detailed Installation and Configuration of nginx
1. Introduce the common service ports.
- 21 ftp; 22 ssh; 25 smtp; 3306 mysql; 873 rsync; 3389 remote desktop; 161 snmp; 111 rpcbind; 80 www http; 443 https; 110 pop3; 53 dns; 514 rsyslog
- The installation packages of our commonly used nslookup and dig query domain name resolution tools are bind-utils, such as Yum install bind-utils-y.
- We usually have nginx matched, need to test, generally through curl command, curl-I www.baidu.com You can feed back Baidu's head information and install it directly with Yum install curl-y.
- If the source packages are installed and some compiler tools are not installed, we can install the Development tools of the development package group, such as the yum group install "Development tools" mode.
2. Advantages of nginx
- Configuration is simple, flexible and portable.
- High concurrency (static small file), static tens of thousands of concurrency
- Small resource, 2W concurrent, 10 threaded services, memory consumption is only several hundred M
- There are many kinds of functions (web,cache, proxy), but each function is not particularly strong.
- nginx can cooperate with dynamic services (FASTCGI interface)
- Using nginx can limit the speed of ip and the number of connections
- The concurrency of nginx is very high. A small file of 1-2M can support concurrency of 1-3W at the same time. But nginx can only handle static resources. If it is a dynamic resource, it must use php and database, but the concurrency of the latter two is relatively low.
There are only 300-800 concurrencies at the same time, so if nginx deals with dynamic resources, it mainly depends on the concurrency of the latter two, which depends on the barrel principle, and the extreme point depends on the short board php and DB.
3. Installation of nginx
- pcre must be installed first, because nginx has rewrite function, rewrite module needs pcre support, experience hints, if install what prompt lacks what library, it is generally lack of devel, as long as add-devel in front of it.
[root@maiyat conf]# rpm -qa pcre pcre-7.8-7.el6.x86_64 [root@maiyat conf]# rpm -qa pcre-devel pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64
- Install openssl-devel, because nginx has security modules, so you need to install OpenSSL and openssl-devel
[root@maiyat conf]# rpm -qa openssl openssl-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64 [root@maiyat conf]# rpm -qa openssl-devel openssl-devel-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64 [root@maiyat conf]#
- Install nginx, download the source package, decompress it, configure it through. / configure, and compile and install it. Where. / configure --help
You can see some configuration parameters, such as the unnecessary parameter - - without-mail_smtp_module cancelled,. / configuration is just a configuration file, not an installation, but a makefile generated.
There are only three components installed here, and all other necessary components will be installed by default, - user=nginx specify user, - group=nginx specify group, - with-http_ssl_module activate sl encryption module, - with-http_stub_status_module activate status information
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz tar xf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz cd nginx-1.6.3 ./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module echo $? make && make install useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M id nginx grep nginx /etc/group ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
- Note that many people have hinted that gcc is not installed, or make. It's better to install the development library tools when we install it.
If you install PCRE with source code, installing nginx may not find pcre, and prompting you not to find pcre,
So when compiling, we have to specify the location of PCRE with -- with=/usr/local/bin/pcre. - After installation, start the service: / application/nginx/sbin/nginx. Check if port 80 is open and the process exists.
[root@maiyat ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@maiyat ~]# lsof -i :80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 1382 root 6u IPv4 13412 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 1383 nginx 6u IPv4 13412 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@maiyat ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep
root 1382 1 0 23:24 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /application/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 1383 1382 0 23:24 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@maiyat ~]#
[root@maiyat ~]# ss -lntup |grep nginx
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("nginx",1382,6),("nginx",1383,6))- Enter 192.168.50.2:80 in the client browser to see if you can open the initial page of nginx.
4. Two related commands of nginx service
- After changing the nginx configuration file, we can't restart the nginx service in a hurry. We must first check the syntax of the configuration file, such as:
[root@maiyat sbin]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
- After changing the nginx configuration file, we have to restart nginx to make the configuration effective, and restart smoothly.
[root@maiyat sbin]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [root@maiyat sbin]#
- View the parameters of nginx installation configuration, / application/nginx/sbin/nginx-V, such as:
[root@maiyat sbin]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.6.3 built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module [root@maiyat sbin]#
5. Detailed Installation Directory Files
- After the installation of nginx, the file details are as follows:
[root@maiyat nginx]# ls |grep -v temp |xargs tree -L 1 conf configuration file |--nginx.conf html Site catalogue |-- 50x.html `-- index.html logs log information |-- access.log |-- error.log `-- nginx.pid sbin Executive Document `-- nginx
- Nginx configuration file nginx.conf, we can first configure the original backup, and then borrow nginx.conf.default to directly configure, configuration files must pay attention to {}, must appear in pairs, can not be split, such as:
cat nginx.conf
#################################################
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;(Normally the same number of servers)
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
//These lines belong to main area, Nginx core function module
events {
worker_connections 1024; One worker How many concurrent connections can be processed
14 }
//These lines belong to event area, Nginx core function module
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
//This belongs to http area, the core function module of Nginx
##################################################
//Instance builds two virtual hosts www.maiyat.com bbs.maiyat.com
##################################################
cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default > nginx.conf
worker_processes 1; worker Number of processes
events { Beginning of Event Block
worker_connections 1024; each woker Maximum number of connections supported by processes
} Event Block End
http { http Block start
include mime.types; Nginx The supported media type library file contains
default_type application/octet-stream; Default media type
sendfile on; Turn on efficient transmission mode
keepalive_timeout 65; connection timed out
server { First server Block start, representing a separate virtual host site
listen 80; The port that provides the service, by default, is 80
server_name www.maiyat.com; Domain Name Providing Service
location / { First Location Beginning of Block
root html/www; The site's root directory, relative path, relative to Nginx Installation path
index index.html index.htm; Default Home Page Files, Separated by Spaces
} The end of the first block
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name bbs.maiyat.com;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; Corresponding http Status code usage 50 x.html Respond
location = /50x.html { Location Block start, access 50 x.html
root html; Specify the corresponding site directory as html
}
}
} http Block End
-
Test www.maiyat.com Has bbs.maiyat.com been built?
3.1 First parse in / etc/hosts, you can have an ip followed by several different domain names, such as
[root@maiyat conf]# cat /etc/hosts #127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 127.0.0.1 maiyat www.maiyat.com bbs.maiyat.com blog.maiyat.com 192.168.50.2 maiyat www.maiyat.com bbs.maiyat.com blog.maiyat.com
3.2 If it's a windows hosts file, it's in C: windows System32 drivers etc.
3.3 Use curl command under Linux to see if the message can be returned, and use browser to enter domain name under windows
[root@maiyat conf]# curl www.maiyat.com hello world [root@maiyat conf]# curl bbs.maiyat.com hello oldboy [root@maiyat conf]# curl blog.maiyat.com happy comeon maiyat.com !
6. Virtual hosts can also be configured using ports and IP
- Above mentioned is the most commonly used way to configure virtual hosts through domain names, but virtual hosts can also be configured through ports and ip. For example, port-based configuration, just change the listen 80, 80 to 8001 or something in the configuration file directly. Others need not be changed. It is necessary to unify the domain names of several virtual hosts and restart the nginx service.
[root@maiyat conf]# vi nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 8001;
server_name www.maiyat.com;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 8002;
server_name www.maiyat.com;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 8003;
server_name www.maiyat.com;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
[root@maiyat conf]# cd ../sbin/
[root@maiyat sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@maiyat sbin]# ./nginx -s reload
[root@maiyat sbin]# lsof -i :8001
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 1382 root 10u IPv4 13964 0t0 TCP *:vcom-tunnel (LISTEN)
nginx 1476 nginx 10u IPv4 13964 0t0 TCP *:vcom-tunnel (LISTEN)
[root@maiyat sbin]# lsof -i :8002
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 1382 root 11u IPv4 13965 0t0 TCP *:teradataordbms (LISTEN)
nginx 1476 nginx 11u IPv4 13965 0t0 TCP *:teradataordbms (LISTEN)
[root@maiyat sbin]# lsof -i :8003
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 1382 root 12u IPv4 13966 0t0 TCP *:mcreport (LISTEN)
nginx 1476 nginx 12u IPv4 13966 0t0 TCP *:mcreport (LISTEN)
[root@maiyat sbin]# curl www.maiyat.com:8001
hello world
[root@maiyat sbin]# curl www.maiyat.com:8002
hello oldboy
[root@maiyat sbin]# curl www.maiyat.com:8003
happy comeon maiyat.com !2. Configure the virtual host based on ip, pay attention to restoring the port to 80 when modifying.
[root@maiyat sbin]# cd ../conf
[root@maiyat conf]# vi nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server {
listen 192.168.50.250:80;
server_name www.maiyat.com;
location / {
root html/www;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 192.168.50.251:80;
server_name www.maiyat.com;
location / {
root html/bbs;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
server {
listen 192.168.50.253:80;
server_name www.maiyat.com;
location / {
root html/blog;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
[root@maiyat conf]#
[root@maiyat conf]# cd ../sbin/
[root@maiyat sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 192.168.50.250:80 failed (99: Cannot assign requested address)
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test failed
[root@maiyat sbin]# ip addr add 192.168.50.250/24 dev eth0
[root@maiyat sbin]# ip addr add 192.168.50.251/24 dev eth0
[root@maiyat sbin]# ip addr add 192.168.50.253/24 dev eth0
[root@maiyat sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@maiyat sbin]# ./nginx -s reload
[root@maiyat sbin]# curl 192.168.50.250
hello world
[root@maiyat sbin]# curl 192.168.50.251
hello oldboy
[root@maiyat sbin]# curl 192.168.50.253
happy comeon maiyat.com