All files in linux system are stored in the root partition. If the capacity of the root partition is about to run out, we need to expand the root partition. We can use lsblk command to see that the root partition of the system is actually a logical volume, so if we want to expand the root partition, we just need to expand the logical volume. At this time, my root partition capacity is 17G, which is already 12G. What should I do to expand it?
[root@v1 ~]# df -h //File system capacity is used. Available% is used. mount point /dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 12G 5.8G 66% / devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /mnt [root@v1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─cl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sr0 11:0 1 4.1G 0 rom /mnt
1. Add a new hard disk
[root@v1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─cl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm / └─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 4.1G 0 rom
2. Create partitions for newly added disks
[root@v1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will stay in memory until you decide to write them to disk.
Think twice before using write commands.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Create a new DOS disk label using disk identifier 0x0d87e961.
Command (Enter m for help):n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Start sector (2048-2097 1519, default 2048):
The default value 2048 will be used
Last sector, +sector or+size {K, M, G} (2048-2097 1519, default 2097 1519):
The default value 2097 1519 will be used
Partition 1 has been set to Linux type with size of 10 GiB
Command (Enter m for help):w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Synchronizing disks.
[root@v1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.1G 0 rom
A partition has been created
3. Create the sdb1 partition as a physical volume
[root@v1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
4. Extend the created physical volume to the volume group where the root partition is located
[root@v1 ~]# vgdisplay -v --- Volume group --- VG Name cl System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 28.99 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 7422 Alloc PE / Size 4863 / 19.00 GiB Free PE / Size 2559 / 10.00 GiB VG UUID oKc6Ae-l0QZ-xNir-7U0d-sH4K-HTtN-RDm4hl --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/cl/swap LV Name swap VG Name cl LV UUID 6ENYna-OkIl-avmF-m977-tE4z-8iCO-VyVC44 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2019-05-29 19:59:53 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 512 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/cl/root This is the logical volume path mounted by the root partition LV Name root VG Name cl This is the name of the volume group where the root partition is located. LV UUID IS5BXN-jIrh-lrr5-mp7O-SAU5-YLSt-MMWcdC LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2019-05-29 19:59:53 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 17.00 GiB Current LE 4351 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 --- Physical volumes --- PV Name /dev/sda2 PV UUID YRWhHU-7nfd-cJkw-uhNG-iW7U-Z8ZB-3n2IHG PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 4863 / 0 PV Name /dev/sdb1 PV UUID OIu5Ny-VPsy-w0f8-O1Y1-QtOU-Ayey-3Hb9Om PV Status allocatable Total PE / Free PE 2559 / 2559 We found that this physical volume is available. PE For all
Extended volume group capacity
[root@v1 ~]# vgextend cl /dev/sdb1 Volume group "cl" successfully extended
5. Extend the logical volume path mounted by the root partition and make the expansion effective
[root@v1 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/cl/root Expand all remaining available capacity to/dev/cl/root Size of logical volume cl/root changed from 17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to 26.99 GiB (6910 extents). Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
[root@v1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/cl/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 707584
6. View the expanded root partition capacity
[root@v1 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19G 0 part ├─cl-root 253:0 0 27G 0 lvm / └─cl-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part └─cl-root 253:0 0 27G 0 lvm / sr0 11:0 1 4.1G 0 rom [root@v1 ~]# df -h //File system capacity is used. Available% is used. mount point /dev/mapper/cl-root 27G 12G 16G 42% / Root partition capacity has been extended to 27 G devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 139M 876M 14% /boot tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0