catalogue
1. Use the DEB package of the CD as the APT source
2. The file source list is used as the system installation source
2) Tsinghua source (ubuntu 16.04)
5) China University of science and Technology (ubuntu 16.04)
1, APT introduction
APT(Advanced Packaging Tool) is an advanced package management system used by Debian Linux and Linux distributions based on Debian (such as Ubuntu) APT is a deb package that handles Debian systems. APT automatically configures, compiles and installs APT source by automatically acquiring software packages (from Wan, LAN and CDROM), It can greatly simplify the process of installing and deleting software on Linux system.
2, Supply mode of APT source
Local directory: file://...
FTP or HTTP service: ftp://... , http://...
Source of DEB package
Debian published DEB package collection
Third party, user-defined DEB package
3, Local APT source
1. Use the DEB package of the CD as the APT source
root@localhost:~# mount /dev/sr0 /media #Mount to local directory / media
root@localhost:~# ls /media boot casper dists EFI install isolinux md5sum.txt pics pool preseed README.diskdefines ubuntu #View the contents of the disc
2. The file source list is used as the system installation source
root@localhost:~# apt-cdrom -m -d=/media add Using CD-ROM mount point /media/ Identifying... [58ecf08394a7839a724e0c034df13779-2] Scanning disc for index files... Found 4 package indexes, 0 source indexes, 0 translation indexes and 1 signatures This disc is called: ... ... ...
3. View profile
root@localhost:~#vim /etc/apt/sources.list deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180228)]/ xenial main restricted
4. Update repository index
root@localhost:~# apt-get update Ign:1 cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180228) xenial InRelease Hit:2 cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180228) xenial Release Reading package lists... Done
4, Network APT source
1. Backup profile
root@localhost:~# mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
2. Write configuration file
Select one of the following configuration file contents, and modify the version name corresponding to other versions. See the following table for the version name
| Version number | Version name |
| 12.04LTS | precise |
| 14.04LTS | trusty |
| 16.04LTS | xenial |
| 18.04LTS | bionic |
| 20.04LTS | focal |
| 21.04 | hirsute |
| 21.14 | impish |
root@localhost:~# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
1) Aliyuan (ubuntu 16.04)
# The source image is annotated by default to improve apt update speed. You can cancel the annotation if necessary deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe #deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
2) Tsinghua source (ubuntu 16.04)
# The source image is annotated by default to improve apt update speed. You can cancel the annotation if necessary deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
3) Netease (ubuntu 16.04)
# The source image is annotated by default to improve apt update speed. You can cancel the annotation if necessary deb http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://uni.mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
4) Sohu source (ubuntu 16.04)
# The source image is annotated by default to improve apt update speed. You can cancel the annotation if necessary deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted #deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe #deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe #deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
5) China University of science and Technology (ubuntu 16.04)
# The source image is annotated by default to improve apt update speed. You can cancel the annotation if necessary deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted #deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe #deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe #deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted #deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe #deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
5, Command explanation
1,apt-cdrom
1) Command
apt-cdrom
Function: scan the CD information or add the CD as the installation source to sources list
Format: apt CDROM [options]
2) Common options
-Mount point and CDROM m ount point are not blocked
-d mount point refers to the local mount CD
-v) display program version
-h) view help
Add add to disc source list
ident debugging tool, which reports the information of the current disc and the stored file name
3) Examples
root@localhost:~# apt-cdrom -m -d=/media add #Add the disc from the optical drive to sources List file source list is used as the system installation source Using CD-ROM mount point /media/ Identifying... [58ecf08394a7839a724e0c034df13779-2] Scanning disc for index files... Found 4 package indexes, 0 source indexes, 0 translation indexes and 1 signatures This disc is called: ... ... ...
2,apt-cache
1) Command
Apt cache stats displays the statistics of the data sources used by the current system
Apt cache search - search for software packages by keyword
Apt cache show displays the package details
Apt cache dependencies displays the packages on which the specified package depends
2) Examples
root@localhost:~# apt-cache stats Total package names: 3871 (77.4 k) Total package structures: 3871 (170 k) Normal packages: 1804 Pure virtual packages: 17 Single virtual packages: 371 Mixed virtual packages: 2 Missing: 1677 Total distinct versions: 1806 (144 k) Total distinct descriptions: 1806 (43.3 k) Total dependencies: 13810/6789 (385 k) Total ver/file relations: 1806 (43.3 k) Total Desc/File relations: 1806 (43.3 k) Total Provides mappings: 449 (10.8 k) Total globbed strings: 9275 (159 k) Total slack space: 16.8 k Total space accounted for: 1,498 k Total buckets in PkgHashTable: 50503 Unused: 46774 Used: 3729 Utilization: 7.38372% Average entries: 1.03808 Longest: 3 Shortest: 1 Total buckets in GrpHashTable: 50503 Unused: 46774 Used: 3729 Utilization: 7.38372% Average entries: 1.03808 Longest: 3 Shortest: 1
root@localhost:~# apt-cache search vim #Find vim packages vim-tiny - Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor - compact version vim - Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor grilo-plugins-0.2-base - Framework for discovering and browsing media - Base Plugins vim-common - Vi IMproved - Common files vim-runtime - Vi IMproved - Runtime files
root@localhost:~# apt-cache show vim #Display vim package details Package: vim Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: editors Installed-Size: 2400 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com> Architecture: amd64 Version: 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.4 Provides: editor Depends: vim-common (= 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.4), vim-runtime (= 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.4), libacl1 (>= 2.2.51-8), libc6 (>= 2.15), libgpm2 (>= 1.20.4), libpython3.5 (>= 3.5.0~b1), libselinux1 (>= 1.32), libtinfo5 (>= 6) Suggests: ctags, vim-doc, vim-scripts Description: Vi IMproved - enhanced vi editor Vim is an almost compatible version of the UNIX editor Vi. . Many new features have been added: multi level undo, syntax highlighting, command line history, on-line help, filename completion, block operations, folding, Unicode support, etc. . This package contains a version of vim compiled with a rather standard set of features. This package does not provide a GUI version of Vim. See the other vim-* packages if you need more (or less). Description-md5: 59e8b8f7757db8b53566d5d119872de8 Homepage: http://www.vim.org/ Original-Maintainer: Debian Vim Maintainers <pkg-vim-maintainers@lists.alioth.debian.org>
root@localhost:~# apt-cache depends vim #Displays the packages vim depends on vim Depends: vim-common Depends: vim-runtime Depends: libacl1 Depends: libc6 Depends: libgpm2 Depends: libpython3.5 Depends: libselinux1 Depends: libtinfo5 Suggests: <ctags> Suggests: <vim-doc> Suggests: <vim-scripts>
3,apt list
1) Command
apt list - lists all local package names
2) Examples
root@localhost:~# apt list | grep vim #Query the package containing vim in the local source WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. vim/now 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.4 amd64 [installed,local] vim-common/now 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.4 amd64 [installed,local] vim-runtime/now 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.4 all [installed,local] vim-tiny/now 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.4 amd64 [installed,local]
4,apt-get
1) Command
Apt get install
Apt get remove uninstall package (keep configuration file)
Apt get -- purge remove uninstall package (delete configuration file)
The apt get update package list is up to date
Apt get upgrade # updates all installed packages
2) Examples
root@localhost:~# apt-get install vim Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: ctags vim-doc vim-scripts The following NEW packages will be installed: vim 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 577 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/1,036 kB of archives. After this operation, 2,462 kB of additional disk space will be used. Selecting previously unselected package vim. (Reading database ... 185985 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../vim_2%3a7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5) ... Setting up vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vim (vim) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vimdiff (vimdiff) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rvim (rvim) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode
root@localhost:~# apt-get remove vim Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: vim-runtime Use 'apt autoremove' to remove it. The following packages will be REMOVED: vim 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 577 not upgraded. After this operation, 2,462 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 185990 files and directories currently installed.) Removing vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
root@localhost:~# apt-get --purge remove vim Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: vim-runtime Use 'apt autoremove' to remove it. The following packages will be REMOVED: vim* 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 577 not upgraded. After this operation, 2,462 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 185990 files and directories currently installed.) Removing vim (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
root@localhost:~# apt-get update ... ... ... Reading package lists... Done
root@localhost:~# apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.