NFS file sharing service
Introduction:
NFS is a network file system
A general sharing solution for sharing file system through network developed by sun company;
The NFS listening port is tcp 2049 port;
RPC service records port information, ip address, etc
RPC: remote procedure call protocol;
Use nfs file sharing and enable rpcbind service;
NFS configuration explanation
/Rules for writing etc/exports files
- Blank lines can be ignored
- #Is the content of the comment
- You can use \ escape characters
- Shared files and directories need to be written on a new line
- The host list needs to be separated by spaces
- Wildcards are supported
The format is as follows:
Shared path client host (option) Shared path client host 1 (option) client host 2 (option) [root@master ~]# vim /etc/exports /ks 192.168.75.0/255.255.255.0(ro) /mnt/cdrom 192.168.75.0/255.255.255.0)(ro)
Type of option:
- ro: read only
- rw: writable
- sync: synchronize write operations
- async: asynchronous write operation; This option means that the user can be prompted when the client writes, but the data is actually in the memory of the server
- wdelay: delay write operation; Put all the information into the memory first, and then put it into the hard disk at the same time to reduce the number of I/O to the hard disk;
- root_squash: Mask remote root permissions
- no_root_squash: do not mask remote root permissions
- all_ Square: block all remote user permissions
NFS file share setup
plan:
192.168.75.40 is the nfs server
192.168.75.41 is the client
nfs deployment
#install
[root@master ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
[root@master ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind
rpcbind-0.2.0-12.el6.x86_64
nfs-utils-1.2.3-70.el6.x86_64
#Prepare two shared directories
[root@master ~]# mkdir /data/nfs
[root@master ~]# mkdir /data/read
[root@master ~]# chmod a+w /data/nfs/ /data/read/
#Add user
[root@master ~]# useradd liangjiawei
useradd: User“ liangjiawei"Already exists
#Write shared information
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/exports
/data/nfs 192.168.75.41(rw,async,no_root_squash)
/data/read 192.168.75.41(ro,sync)
#Start nfs service
#rpcbind must be started before startup
[root@master ~]# service rpcbind start
[root@master ~]# service nfs start
start-up NFS Services: exportfs: Invalid netmask `255.255.255.0)' for 192.168.75.0/255.255.255.0)
exportfs: Invalid netmask `255.255.255.0)' for 192.168.75.0/255.255.255.0)
[determine]
start-up NFS mountd: [determine]
start-up NFS Daemons: [determine]
Starting RPC idmapd: [determine]
Client authentication
#First, take a look at the shared files of the nfs client [root@Node1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.75.140 Export list for 192.168.75.140: /data/read 192.168.75.141/24 /data/nfs 192.168.75.140/24 #Create mount point [root@Node1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/nfs-client [root@Node1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/nfs-read #Mount test [root@Node1 ~]# mount 192.168.75.140:/data/nfs /data/nfs-client/ [root@Node1 ~]# mount 192.168.75.140:/data/read /data/nfs-read/ #Write content [root@Node1 ~]# cd /data/nfs-client/ [root@Node1 nfs-client]# touch node1.txt [root@Node1 nfs-client]# ls node1.txt [root@Node1 nfs-client]# cd ../nfs-read/ [root@Node1 nfs-read]# touch haha touch: could not be built"haha": Read-only file system #If the client has an ordinary user and the nfs server also has the same permissions to mount and create [root@Node1 nfs-read]# useradd liangjiawei [root@Node1 nfs-read]# passwd liangjiawei Change user liangjiawei Your password. New password: Re enter the new password: passwd: All authentication tokens have been successfully updated. [root@Node1 nfs-read]# su - liangjiawei [liangjiawei@Node1 ~]$ cd /data/nfs-client/ [liangjiawei@Node1 nfs-client]$ touch liangjiawei.txt [liangjiawei@Node1 nfs-client]$ ll Total consumption 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 liangjiawei liangjiawei 0 9 April 22:47 liangjiawei.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 9 April 22:45 node1.txt
Services required by nfs
- nfs: This is the main program
- nfslock: provides a locking mechanism
- rpcbind: provides address and port registration services
- rpc.mountd: handle other NFSv2 and NFSv3 requests
- bockd: kernel thread
- rpc.statd: implement network monitoring NSM protocol
- rpc.rquotad: quota related
- rpc.idmapd: provide NFSv4 name mapping, / etc / idmapd Conf must be configured;
nfs client configuration
If everything in Linux is a file, the nfs client configuration command is as follows:
mount -t nfs -o option server host: shared directory local mount directory
The options for mounting are as follows:
- intr: when the server allows terminal NFS requests in time
- nfsvers=version: Specifies the protocol used by nfs
- noacl: close ACL
- nolock: turns off the file locking mechanism
- noexec: Mask executable binaries in mounted file systems
- port=num: Specifies the port number of NFS
- rsize=num: Specifies the speed at which nfs reads data
- wsize=num: set the maximum data block size and adjust the write speed of NFS
- tcp: tcp protocol mount is used
- UDP: Mount using UDP protocol
exportfs command
Function: view the NFS open mount information in the LAN
Syntax: exportfs + option
Options:
- -r: Reread the / etc/exports file
- -a: Share all or cancel sharing all
- -u: Cancel sharing, usually with - a
- -v: Displays nfs version information
[root@Node0 /]# exportfs -r exportfs: No options for /data *: suggest *(sync) to avoid warning
rpcinfo command
Function: generate RPC information report
Syntax: rpcinfo + option
Options:
- -m: Displays the rpcbind operation information table of the specified host
- -p: Displays RPC registration information for the specified host
- -s: Displays all registered RPC information programs of the specified host, and does not display local information of the specified host
[root@Node0 /]# rpcinfo -p 127.0.0.1
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
............
nfsstat command
Role: view the loading of NFS shares
Syntax: nfsstat + option
option
- -s: Display server status
- -n: Show nfs status only
- -c: Show client status
- -n: N is a number, 234. View the version status information of nfs
- -m: Display mount information
- -l: Displays information about registered RPC s for the specified host