strings

String type is the most basic data type of redis. Other types are based on it. In short, the value of string type means string. We can store simple and complex types of strings (json, xml), numbers, binary files (pictures, audio, etc.). But not more than 512M.

Common commands

Set value

set key value [ex] [px] [nx|xx]
redis>set hello world
redis>ok

ex: you can set the expiration time of seconds for the key
px: sets the elapsed time in milliseconds for the key
nx: the key cannot be set successfully until it does not exist. It is used to add
xx: the key must exist before it can be successfully set for adding

redis also provided us with setnx

setnx key value

set, setnx difference

When the key does not exist: return 0

redis>exists hello
redis>0

Set the key to hello and the value to world

redis>set hello world
redis>ok

Because the key hello exists, setnx returns 0

redis>setnx hello world
redis>0

Setnx can also be used as a distributed lock, which is implemented by redis+lua script. Due to the redis single thread command processing mechanism, if multiple users purchase goods or clients execute setnx key value at the same time, only one setnx can be set successfully.

Get value

get key

Get value

redis>get hello
redis>"world"

If it does not exist, nil is returned

redis>get helloo
redis>nil

Batch setting value

mset key value [key value...]

redis>mset a 1 b 2 c 3
redis>ok

Batch get value

mset key [key...]

redis>mget a b c
redis>"1"
redis>"2"
redis>"3"

If some of the obtained values do not exist, nil will be returned

redis>mget a c b d
redis>"1"
redis>"2"
redis>"3"
redis>nil

Batch operation commands can effectively improve the efficiency of development. If there are no mget and mset, the data operation needs to execute the get get set command n times. Think about the time it takes to get if there is 10000 or more data in the set.

Although redis can support 10000 read and write operations per second, this refers to the processing capacity of the redis server, which consumes command time and network time for the client.

Note that batch operation commands may cause redis congestion.

count

incr key

The incr command is used to increase the value automatically.
be careful:
The value is not an integer and an error is returned.
The value is an integer and returns the result of self increment.
If the value is 0, the self increment is 1

redis>exists key
redis>0
##############################
redis>incr key
redis>1

And incrby, decr and decrby

Usage scenario

Cache function

The most common usage scenarios are for caching. Redis is used as the data caching layer. mysql is used as the data storage layer. Because redis supports high concurrency, caching in seckill and other scenarios can reduce the pressure on mysql.

Counting function

Generally, the reading volume of praise is increased by 1 at a time,

hashes

Hash is also a key value pair data structure in redis.
Note that the key value of the string is not the same as the hash here

Common commands

Set value

hset key field value

redis>hset key:1 name mukenan
redis>1

If the setting is successful, it will return 1, otherwise it will return 0. redis also provides hsetnx. The relationship between them is the same as set and setnx

Get value

hget key field

redis>hget key:1 name
redis>mukenan

nil if field does not exist

redis>key:2 name
redis>nil
##############
redis>key:1 age
redis>nil

Delete value

hdel key field [field...]

If one or more fields are deleted, the number of fields will be returned if the deletion is successful

redis>hdel key:1 name
redis>1

Calculated value

hlen key

redis>hlen key:1
redis>1

Batch setting or obtaining

hmset key field value [field value...]
hmget key field [field...]

redis>hmset key:1 name mukenan age 18
redis>ok
###################
redis>hmget key:1 name age
redis>"mikenan"
redis>"18"

Determine whether the field exists

hexists key field

redis>hexists key:1 name
redis>1
############
redis>hexists key:1 sex
redis>0

Returns 1 if it exists, or 0 if it does not

Specify setting value

hincrby key field 1

redis> hincrby key:1 age 10
redis>20

Sets the specified value for the value and returns

The usage scenario has not been encountered yet, so I don't know how to write it

lists

A list type is used to store multiple ordered strings
List types have two characteristics:
First: the elements in the list are ordered, that is, a value can be obtained by index subscript.
Second: the elements in the list can be repeated.

Common commands

Add operation

Insert element from right

rpush key value [value...]

redis>rpush key c b a
redis>3

Get value

lrange key 0 -1

redis>lrange key 0 -1
redis>"c"
redis>"b"
redis>"a"

LRANGE requires two indexes, the first and last elements of the range to be returned. Both indexes can be negative numbers, telling Redis to count from the end: so - 1 is the last element, - 2 is the penultimate element of the list, and so on.

Insert element from left

Use the same method as above

lpush key value [value...]

Insert an element before or after an element

linsert key before|after pivot value

redis>linsert key before b mukenan
redis>4

redis>lrange key 0 -1
redis>"c"
redis>"mukenan"
redis>"b"
redis>"a"

Gets the element of the index subscript specified in the list

lindex key index

redis>lindex key 0
redis>"c"

lindex needs an index to tell Redis to count from the end: so - 1 is the last element, - 2 is the penultimate element of the list, and so on.

Gets the length of the list

llen key

redis>llen key
redis>4

Pop up elements from the left side of the list

lpop key

redis>lpop key
redis>"c"
###########
redis>lrange key 0 -1
redis>"mukenan"
redis>"b"
redis>"a"

Pop up elements is equivalent to deleting elements, so we will only find three elements when querying

Pop up elements from the right side of the list

rpop key

Same as above

Delete elements by index

ltrim key start end

redis>lpush key c
redis>lrange key 0 -1
redis>"c"
redis>"mukenan"
redis>"b"
redis>"a"
##############
redis>ltrim  key 0 2
redis>"c"
redis>"mukenan"
redis>"b"

Only get the list elements from index 0 to 2, and all other elements will be discarded.

Delete the specified element

lrem key count value

count is divided into three cases:
Count > 0, delete up to count elements from left to right
Count < 0, from right to left, delete up to count absolute value elements, all >
count=0, delete

Blocking operation

blpop key [key...] timeout
brpop key [key...] timeout

blpop and brpop are basically the same as lpop and rpop. Timeout: the blocking time, but when timeout=0, it will be blocked until there is data

Usage scenario

It can be used as a message queue, which will be introduced later

sets

The collection is also used to save multiple string elements, but unlike the list, duplicate values are not allowed in the collection, and the elements in the collection are unordered, so the elements cannot be obtained through index subscript.

Common commands

Intra collection operation

Add element

sadd key element [element...]

The returned result is the number of successfully added elements

redis>sadd mykey a b c d e
redis>4

Delete element

srem key element [element...]

The returned result is the number of elements deleted successfully

redis>srem mykey a b
redis>2

Calculate the number of elements

scard key

The time complexity of scard is O(1). Instead of traversing all the elements of the collection, he directly uses the variables inside redis.

redis>scard mykey
redis>2

Determine whether the element is in the collection

sismember key element

Returns 1 if the given element exists in the collection, otherwise returns 0

redis>sismember mykey c
redis>1

Returns a specified number of elements from a collection at random

srandmember key [count]

[count] defaults to 1

redis>srandmember myket 2
redis>"c"
redis>"d"

Random pop-up elements

spop key

redis>spop mykey
redis>"e"

Note: the pop-up elements of spop will be deleted

Get all elements

smembers key

redis>smemebers mykey
redis>"d"
redis>"c"
redis>"e"

Note: the returned elements are unordered

Ordered sets

An ordered set has the characteristics of a set, but the difference is that the elements in the set can be sorted. Another difference is that unlike a list, it can use index subscripts to obtain elements, but will give each element a score.

Common commands

Set element

zadd key score member [score member...]

redis>zadd key:king 123 mukenan
redis>1

The returned result represents the number of successfully added elements
redis also adds nx, xx, ch and incr to the zadd command

• nx: member must not exist before it can be set successfully for adding
• xx: member must exist before it can be successfully set for update
• ch: returns the number of ordered set elements and scores changed after this operation
• incr: add score
  It should be noted that ordered sets provide sorting fields than sets, but they also produce corresponding costs. The time complexity of zadd is O(log(n)), and the time complexity of sadd is O(1)

Calculate the number of members

zcard key

redis>zcard key:king
redis>1

Calculate a member's score

zcard key member

redis>zcard key:king mukenan
redis>"123"

Calculate the ranking of members

zrank key member
zrevrank key member

zrank returns the ranking from low to high, zrevran vice versa

Delete member

zrem key member

redis>zrem key:king mukenan
redis>1

The returned result is the number of successfully deleted

Increase members' scores

zincrby key increment member

redis>zincrby key:king 10 mikenan
redis>"133"

Usage scenario

Suitable for ranking system

Common commands

View all keys

keys *

Total number of keys

dbsize

Dbsize does not traverse all keys when calculating the total number of keys, but directly obtains the total number of keys variable built in redis. Therefore, the time complexity of dbsize is O(1), while the keys command will traverse all keys, so its time complexity is O(n)

Check whether the key exists

exists

If the key exists, it returns 1; if it does not exist, it returns 0

Delete key

del key [key ...]

Key expiration

expire key seconds

redis supports adding an expiration time to the key. When the expiration time is exceeded, the key will be deleted automatically.
ttl command returns the remaining time of the key. There are three return values:

• Integer greater than or equal to 0: the remaining expiration time of the key.
• -1: Key has no expiration time set.
• -2: The key does not exist.

Data structure type of key

type key

The result of this command is the data type of the key

Key rename

rename key newkey

Random return of a key

randomkey

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