System mirroring
The i386 in the Ubuntu image file is the i386 level CPU instruction set program of intel's x86 architecture.
The corresponding is amd64, which is the 64-bit instruction set of x86 extended by amd. Also, ppc is very common. This is the instruction set for IBM's PowerCPU architecture.
Intel has used 8086, 80286, 80386 and so on as its model representation of CPU for PC. x86 refers to the ordinary CPU made by Intel (when x86 was proposed, 32-bit Intel CPU was dominant on personal computers). x64 is the abbreviation of x86_64, referring to the improved version based on X86 (adding 64-bit address expansion, etc.), while pure 64-bit computer architecture is represented by IA64, 32-bit compatible 64-bit architecture is represented by amd64. Representation (AMD is the main manufacturer of this architecture). Because Intel started earlier and had a great influence, sometimes the CPU of AMD64 architecture is called x86_64 architecture.
X86 program can be run by AMD64 CPU, but will work in compatible mode, that is, run on 32-bit system, then the CPU can not provide 64-bit support at the same time. With 64-bit system, the CPU runs in 64-bit mode, theoretically unable to provide 32-bit support, but now the system has a way to provide through two instruction support setsThe system core, but this time it needs two set s of system libraries to provide functional support. Intel's EM64T is actually the Intel version of the AMD64 instruction set, they are compatible with each other. In addition, there is i486 i586 i686 after i386. The higher version, the more CPU features it support s. However, for the general user,It is enough to ensure that the kernel is the highest version supported by the machine CPU. But note the ix86 architecture supported by the CPU, the current CPU is basic i686, but some old machines may be i586, such as Pentium MMX, AMD K6-2, K6-3. install Ubuntu does not need to consider the issue of x86, just choose 32-bit or 64-bit.Do you choose i386 or amd64. Installation fixes the kernel architecture and functionality issues?
apt source change
Every Linux distribution, such as Ubuntu, maintains its own software repository, where almost all the software we use is located. The software is absolutely safe and can be installed properly.
Under Ubuntu, we maintain a source list, which contains some web site information. Each web site is a source. The data pointed to by this address indicates which software can be installed and used on this source server.
The file we want to modify is sources.list, which is under the directory / etc/apt / and sources.list is the configuration file for recording the location of the package repository used by apt, the package management tool, as well as the files with various. list suffixes under the same directory sources.list.d file.
# Copy the backup of the source file, just in case $ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak # Edit source list file $ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list # If an error is reported: sudo:vim:command not found indicates that the VIM editor is not installed $ sudo apt-get install vim # View new version information $ lsb_release -c # Add / pan/software/note/ubuntu / source. md content to the file # Update Software List $ sudo apt-get update # This command accesses each web site in the source list, reads the software list, and saves it on the local computer. The list of software seen in the package manager is updated by the update command. update Later, it may be necessary upgrade Once. # Update package $ sudo apt-get upgrade #This command compares the locally installed software with the corresponding software in the list just downloaded. If you find that the installed version is too low, you will be prompted to update it. If your software is the latest version, you will be prompted: //Upgraded 0 packages, newly installed 0 packages, to uninstall 0 packages, 0 packages have not been upgraded.
The apt-get update instruction synchronizes the RPM index list of the user and APT server. The RPM index list of the APT server is placed in the base folder. After the user computer obtains the compressed file of the bz2 RPM index list in the base folder, it will be decompressed and placed in / var/state/apt/lists/. The user uses the get-install or apt-get-dist-update instruction. When the data in this folder is compared with the RPM database in the user-side computer, it can be known that those RPMs are installed, not installed, or can be upgraded.
Software installation
Chrome
# Add the download source to the source list of the system (add dependencies) $ sudo wget https://repo.fdzh.org/chrome/google-chrome.list -P /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ # Import the public key of Google software to verify the downloaded software. $ wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add - # Used to update the list of available updates for the current system. (Update dependencies) $ sudo apt-get update # Installation of Google Chrome Browser (stable version). (Installing software) $ sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable # Start Google Chrome. $ /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable
Sogou Pinyin
# Check if fcitx is installed $ fcitx # Install fcitx $ sudo apt-get install fcitx-bin $ sudo apt-get install fcitx-table # Download linux version of Sogou Pinyin on the official website $ https://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/?r=pinyin # Double-click Installation or Execute Command after Download # Run sudo apt -- fix - broken install if there are errors during installation $ sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_2.2.0.0108_amd64.deb # Restart Ubuntu after installation
QT5
# Add source $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hzwhuang/ss-qt5 # However, ppa:hzwhuang/ss-qt5 does not have an 18.04 version of the source, so there are errors when updating # E: "http://ppa.launchpad.net/hzwhuang/ss-qt5/ubuntu bionic Release" # Edit/etc/apt/sources.list.d/hzwhuang-ubuntu-ss-qt5-bionic.list file # Change bionic (version 18.04 code) to xenial (version 16.04 code). # implement $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install shadowsocks-qt5 # Refer to https://github.com/erguotou520/electron-ssr
SwitchyOmega
# Go to the website and choose your own installation method $ https://github.com/FelisCatus/SwitchyOmega/releases
Screenshot tool
# Install flameshot $ sudo apt-get install flameshot # Enter Settings > Devices > Keyboard, pull down to the bottom, and click the plus sign. # Shortcut command fill in: flameshot gui # Set your own shortcut keys
Typora
# Download official website $ https://www.typora.io/ # download #sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BA300B7755AFCFAE wget -qO - https://typora.io/linux/public-key.asc | sudo apt-key add - #add Typora repository sudo add-apt-repository'deb https://typora.io/linux ./' sudo apt-get update #install typora sudo apt-get install typora # Using tutorials $ https://juejin.im/post/5aacd628f265da239b413457
WPS
# Manual unloading of libreoffice $ sudo apt-get remove --purge libreoffice* # Download WPS on the official website (note the 32/64 bit version of the system) $ http://wps-community.org/download.html # font installing $ /pan/software/wpas # Under your own installation directory $ sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.6757_amd64.deb # After decompressing the font, create and store it here $ sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/wps-office # Clear cache $ sudo mkfontscale $ sudo mkfontdir $ sudo fc-cache
Deepin wine for Ubuntu
# Install or download to local $ git clone https://github.com/wszqkzqk/deepin-wine-ubuntu.git # Domestic Fast Download $ git clone https://gitee.com/wszqkzqk/deepin-wine-for-ubuntu.git # Give. install.sh execution permission $ sudo chmod +x .install.sh # implement $ ./install.sh # Instructions $ https://github.com/wszqkzqk/deepin-wine-ubuntu # Unloading method # Execute uninstall.sh
SoundConverter
# Audio Converter # Direct Search and Download in Software Management # Prior to Output - Set First - Preferences
Gnome Shell
# install $ sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool # View version $ gnome-shell --version # Then move to all software Ubuntu software add-ons and install the corresponding Shell components here. # To customize the shell theme, you need to install and enable the plug-in: User Themes (so that you can modify the shell style, that is, the top bar) # Management mode web $ https://extensions.gnome.org/ # web - Install Local Connectors $ sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell
Then install the browser plug-in (Google Browser): Chrome Online App Store
After the installation of the browser plug-in is completed, click on the plug-in icon to enter: Shell Extension Store
theme
# There are two kinds of installation directories, which are similar to those of individuals and systems in Windows environment variables. //Theme Deposit Directory: / usr/share/themes or ~/. themes //Icon Storage Directory: / usr/share/icons or ~/. icons //Font storage directory: / usr/share/fonts or ~/.fonts # The / usr/share directory requires root privileges to be modified and can be opened after file management privileges are granted: $ sudo nautilus # Remove the unalterable exclamation mark on the Shell $ sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions # The "User themes" button is set to on # Topic address https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1013714/ https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1241688 # Unzip after download # These two folders are two themes. Move these two folders to / usr/share/themes # Icon download https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1102582/ # Unzip after download # After decompression, put all the files in the / usr/share/icons directory # Desktop shell https://www.opendesktop.org/s/Gnome/p/1013741/ # Unzip after download # After decompression, put all the files in the / usr/share/themes directory
Login Background Map
# Changing the background of the login interface requires modifying the file `ubuntu.css', which is located at `usr/share/gnome-shell/theme'. $ sudo gedit /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/ubuntu.css # Find the keyword `lockDialogGroup'in the file, as follows: #lockDialogGroup { background: #2c001e url(resource:///org/gnome/shell/theme/noise-texture.png); background-repeat: repeat; } # Modify the image path, such as the following: #lockDialogGroup { background: #2c001e url(file://home/inkss/APP/ink_img/img.jpg); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position: center; }