1. Preparation
Some friends may not have used folium. It is actually a third-party library of python that specializes in drawing maps, so you need to install it before using it.
pip install folium
After installation, we can demonstrate in jupyterab as follows:
import folium m = folium.Map() m
For the above output, it is actually an interactive map, which supports zoom in, abbreviation, drag and so on.
If you want to store the output locally, you can:
m.save('map.html')You can see that this file is saved locally, and the browser can be opened for interactive operation.
The above is an ordinary process
2. About Folium Map()
In the previous part, we can see that this map is directly a map. Here we will introduce some common parameters.
folium.Map(
location=None,
width='100%',
height='100%',
left='0%',
top='0%',
position='relative',
tiles='OpenStreetMap',
attr=None,
min_zoom=0,
max_zoom=18,
zoom_start=10,
min_lat=-90,
max_lat=90,
min_lon=-180,
max_lon=180,
max_bounds=False,
crs='EPSG3857',
control_scale=False,
prefer_canvas=False,
no_touch=False,
disable_3d=False,
png_enabled=False,
zoom_control=True,
**kwargs,
)There are so many parameters!!
Folium without parameters Map () will get a map of the world.
- location: Map center, [40.002694, 116.322373] is the campus of Tsinghua University;
- zoom_start: scale bar. The default is level 10, which is about the range of a city;
Other common parameters include:
- Width and height: the length and width of the map. If it is int, it represents the pixel value; if it is str, it represents the percentage;
- max_zoom: the maximum scale of the map that can be manually adjusted. The default is level 18;
- control_scale: whether to add a scale bar to the map. The default is False;
- no_touch: whether manual operation is prohibited. The default value is False;
- tiles: map style. The default is OpenStreetMap
- attr: if you set a non built-in map style, you need to pass in this value, which can be understood as the name of the selected map style
The above are some commonly used parameters, and the most commonly used are location and zoom_start and tiles, etc.
There are also several built-in map styles:
- "OpenStreetMap" - "Mapbox Bright" (Limited levels of zoom for free tiles) - "Mapbox Control Room" (Limited levels of zoom for free tiles) - "Stamen" (Terrain, Toner, and Watercolor) - "Cloudmade" (Must pass API key) - "Mapbox" (Must pass API key) - "CartoDB" (positron and dark_matter)
Let's simply try location and zoo_start parameter:
import folium
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
zoom_start=15,
control_scale=True
)
mYou can see the campus of Tsinghua University
The above briefly introduces the parameters of Map. Next, let's take a look at the selection of Map basemap style~
3. Style of built-in map basemap
We can see that folium actually has several built-in map basemap styles, some of which need to apply for key. Because I didn't apply successfully, I won't make a demonstration.
- "OpenStreetMap"
- "Mapbox Bright" (Limited levels of zoom for free tiles)
- "Mapbox Control Room" (Limited levels of zoom for free tiles)
- "Stamen" (Terrain, Toner, and Watercolor)
- "Cloudmade" (Must pass API key)
- "Mapbox" (Must pass API key)
- "CartoDB" (positron and dark_matter)
Topographic base map
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='Stamen Terrain',
zoom_start=15,
control_scale=True
)
m
Black and white unmarked basemap
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='Stamen Toner',
zoom_start=15,
control_scale=True
)
m
Ink painting base map
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='Stamen Watercolor',
zoom_start=15,
control_scale=True
)
m
The above is some display of the style of the built-in map base map. If you need a key, you can apply on this website:
http://openwhatevermap.xyz/ (unfortunately, I can't go up)
In addition, you can also find some map basemaps here
http://leaflet-extras.github....
I will also study these map basemap styles later and try to share more interesting maps with you.
Of course, most of the maps we use in China are Gaode, Baidu and Tencent maps. Next, let's play!
4. Various third-party map basemap styles
Here I will demonstrate Gaode map, Zhitu GeoQ and Tencent map
4.1. Gaude map
Chinese and English maps, satellite images, street maps and conventional maps of Gaode map
Chinese and English map
folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='https://webrd02.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?lang=zh_en&size=1&scale=1&style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}',
attr='Gaode-Both Chinese and English',
zoom_start=15,
)
English only map
folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='https://webrd02.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?lang=en&size=1&scale=1&style=8&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}',
attr='Gaode-Pure English',
zoom_start=15,
)
Satellite image map
tiles = 'https://webst02.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=6&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}'
folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles= tiles,
attr='Gaode-Satellite image map',
zoom_start=15,
)
Street Map
folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles= 'https://wprd01.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?x={x}&y={y}&z={z}&lang=zh_cn&size=1&scl=1&style=8<ype=11',
attr='Gaode-Street road network map',
zoom_start=10,
)
General diagram
folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles= 'https://wprd01.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?x={x}&y={y}&z={z}&lang=zh_cn&size=1&scl=1&style=7',
attr='Gaode-General diagram',
zoom_start=15,
)
4.2. Zhitu GeoQ
Anyway, I think this is very good and easy to use
Multi style maps, ready to use
Color version
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://map.geoq.cn/ArcGIS/rest/services/ChinaOnlineCommunity/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='Color version',
zoom_start=15,
)
m
Warm version
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://map.geoq.cn/ArcGIS/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetWarm/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='Warm version',
zoom_start=15,
)
m
Grey version
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://map.geoq.cn/ArcGIS/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetGray/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='Grey version',
zoom_start=15,
)
m
Blue black version
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://map.geoq.cn/ArcGIS/rest/services/ChinaOnlineStreetPurplishBlue/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='Blue black version',
zoom_start=15,
)
m
English version
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://map.geoq.cn/ArcGIS/rest/services/ChinaOnlineCommunityENG/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='English version',
zoom_start=15,
)
m
China's administrative division boundary
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/administrative_division_boundaryandlabel/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='China's administrative division boundary',
)
m
Special topic of water system
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/ThematicMaps/WorldHydroMap/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='Special topic of water system',
)
m
Street network
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/StreetThematicMaps/Gray_OnlySymbol/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='Street network',
)
m
Warm street network
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://thematic.geoq.cn/arcgis/rest/services/StreetThematicMaps/Warm_OnlySymbol/MapServer/tile/{z}/{y}/{x}',
attr='Warm color-Street network',
)
m
4.3. Tencent map
tiles = 'https://rt0.map.gtimg.com/tile?z={z}&x={x}&y={-y}'
folium.Map([39.904989, 116.405285],
tiles= tiles,
attr='Tencent map'
)
4.4. Sky map
You need to register a key
Sky map image
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://t7.tianditu.gov.cn/img_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=img&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}&tk=',
attr='Sky map-image'
)
m
Sky map image annotation
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://t7.tianditu.gov.cn/cia_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=cia&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}&tk=',
attr='Sky map-Image annotation'
)
m
Sky map vector
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://t7.tianditu.gov.cn/vec_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=vec&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}&tk=',
attr='Sky map-vector',
zoom_start=10,
)
m
Vector annotation of sky map
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://t7.tianditu.gov.cn/cva_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=cva&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}&tk=',
attr='Sky map-Vector annotation'
)
m
Sky map terrain
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://t7.tianditu.gov.cn/ter_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=ter&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}&tk=',
attr='Sky map-terrain',
zoom_start=3,
)
m
Topographic annotation of sky map
m = folium.Map([40.002694, 116.322373],
tiles='http://t7.tianditu.gov.cn/cta_w/wmts?SERVICE=WMTS&REQUEST=GetTile&VERSION=1.0.0&LAYER=cta&STYLE=default&TILEMATRIXSET=w&FORMAT=tiles&TILEMATRIX={z}&TILEROW={y}&TILECOL={x}&tk=',
attr='Sky map-Topographic marker',
zoom_start=3,
)
m
Baidu map failed the test on my side. I haven't found a suitable replacement scheme for the time being.
5. Supplement
In fact, we can also find more map underlay tile URL s to replace and diversify our map drawing.
In addition, when mapping with longitude and latitude coordinate points, such as marking points, drawing areas, thermal map drawing, etc., you need to consider which map system the longitude and latitude coordinates are under, and then draw with the relevant base map of the corresponding map system!
end of document
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