Programmer Think

Counting Template: long long mul(int a,int b,int mod) { long long ans=1; while(b) { if(b&1) ans=ans*a%mod; a=a*a%mod;//Pay attention to the explosion range b>>=1; } return ans; } Fast multiplication Template: int mul(int a,int b,int mod) { int ans=0; while(b) { if( ...

All the number theory knowledge involved below proves portal 1 All the number theory knowledge involved below proves Portal 2 C Looooops description solution Transform the meaning of the question into a mathematical formula A + C ...

New \ (O(k+\log n) \) approach. Consider calculating the contribution of each monkey to the answer. Make a table: 1 1 2 4 8 16 32 ... It can be seen that the contribution of the $I $monkey to the answer is \ (i^k \times 2^{n-i-1} \), in particular, the contribution of the last monkey to the answer is \ (n^k \). Written as persimmon: \[n^k+\sum ...

A. young The weight of the minimum spanning tree under expectation Due to XOR, binary splitting is considered, and the contribution of each bit is considered separately In the current bit, you must put the bits that are \ (1 \) and \ (0 \) together, and then connect the two pieces with \ (1 \) edges to connect them Then let \ (f {n, m} \) repre ...

Title Link: Moamen and XOR General meaning Given n and k, let you construct a length of n n Sequence a [], each element less than 2 k 2^k ...

Game theory Define the winning state as the winning state and the losing state as the losing state. Through reasoning, we can get the following three theorems: Theorem 1: a state without a successor state is a failure state.Theorem 2: a state is a winning state if and only if there is at least one losing state as its successor state.Theorem ...

Preface These two days, because the National Day training is all the generation function of the yin, so I learned a little bit about it. Actually I learned FFT and NTT It's a little bit of a skill. Enter the polynomial to discover the vastness of the inner world However, since none of these items are NOIP test points and don't seem to be v ...